NATURAL CLASSES AND PHONOLOGICAL RULES WHAT IS A NATURAL CLASS? HOW DO PHONOLOGICAL RULES EXPRESS NATURAL CLASSES? PHONOLOGICAL RULES Phonological processes or changes in which the conditions are stated in ordinary language express phonological rules. These regular expressions of the change can be formalized in various ways. One major aim of a phonological theory is provide a set of notations which can express phonological rules simply‚ straightforwardly and intuitively. THE
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discoveries along the way. One of the first challenges I found him having problems with was trying to learn their complex language. Their use of the phonemes and morphemes are the two main things that really confused him. When he tries to explain the meaning of the word ‘kogwayay’ and how many different meanings each of the different root words‚ or morphemes‚ it has and how much meaning it has in their overall culture. One of his discoveries that he learned/found out early on was the fact that the Gebusi
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Semester System - MCQ Pattern 30-20 Pattern: Minimum marks for passing - 12/30 and 8/20 Syllabus Compulsory English –BA/BCom/BSc/BBA/BCA/BCS… First Year Objectives: 1) To encourage the students to speak English 2) To enable students to use English in day-to-day communication 3) To build up their confidence in the usage of English 4) To expose them to light prose and poetry 5) To develop their written communicative competence 6) To prepare them for competitive exams Semester-I Textbook entitled
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& 2 (pp. 7-17) (handout #2) Some key terms: cultural‚ social‚ situational meaning; language; phonetics; the vocal apparatus; the vocal cords; voiced-voiceless sounds; place of articulation; stress or accent; pitch or tone; morphology; morpheme (singular-plural‚ tense). Assignment # 1: Essay on “what can the way a person speaks tell us about that person?” (due 1/18 at lecture time). Week 2: Jan. 18 The structure of language. [Assign. 1 (essay) due today at lecture time]
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Benefits: medical insurance paid; 15 days paid vacation each year Company size: small (1-199 employees) Distance from home: 10 miles Components of Language Define the following terms in your own words and provide an example of each. 1. Phonemes 2. Morphemes 3. Grammar 4. Syntax 5. Semantics 6. Pragmatics Theories of Intelligence Review the three main theories of intelligence‚ using Table 7.2 in the text. Describe which theory best explains your intellectual development.
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LANGUAGE NOTES Language -- how we combine spoken‚ written words as we think and communicate Structure a. Phonemes – smallest distinctive sound unit b. Morphemes – smallest unit that carries meaning c. Grammar – a system of rules that allows us to understand one another i. Semantics – the study of meaning in language ii. Syntax – a set of rules for combining words in a sentence Development d. Babbling stage
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The field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study. These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields. I. sociolinguistics: Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. In other words‚ it is the study of language in relation to social factors (e.g.‚ social class‚ region‚ age‚ sex
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Problems studying cognition : Use cognition to study cognition Introspection : Wudnt introspection of cognition When you look inward and make ideas‚ old school of psychology‚ describe what feeling from inside‚ not measurable; can’t just give accounts of feelings‚ not scientific Behaviorists : Know inputs/outputs (unknown between) Falls apart because the in between (behaviors) is unknown Definition of learning Types of learning: Classical‚ Operant‚ Modeling Classical conditioning
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First Language Acquisition “The capacity to learn language is deeply ingrained in us as a species‚ just as the capacity to walk‚ to grasp objects‚ to recognize faces. We don’t find any serious difference in children growing up in congested urban slums‚ in isolated mountain villages‚ or in privileged suburban villas” Dan Slobin‚ The Human Language Series 2 (1994) 1 First Language Acquisition Every language is complex. Before the age of 5‚ the child knows most of the intricate system of grammar. Use
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differences. Second is the basic description of the prosodic features of the three languages and their similarities and differences. And lastly‚ the most important of all‚ are the changes that occur for every language when affixation happens on a morpheme‚ the specific affixes that contribute to regular stress shift‚ and their similarities and differences. This signifies that since the languages studied are of a common classification‚ several similarities would be
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