While not conclusively applicable to human behavior‚ his results piqued the interest of John Bowlby‚ who was just starting to examine what he called
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human’s survival produced the “fear of strangers” survival mechanism‚ which Bowlby claimed every child possessed when he or she is born (McLeod‚ 2007). It was this survival mechanism that caused children to form a strong attachment to their caregiver. Psychologist Mary Ainsworth sought to expound on Bowlby’s attachment theory by creating a test designed to observe the behaviors of children in different situations. Ainsworth devised the Strange Situation test‚ which placed young children in situations
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faire. The democratic style was proven to be most effective. Mary Ainsworth: Methods: Ainsworth performed a longitudinal study in Uganda. She used home visits‚ naturalistic observations‚ and interviews with the mothers of the
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Abstract Clinical research has demonstrated that there is a direct correlation between the parent-child attachment and the psychodynamics of adult relationships. The theory of attachment‚ by John Bowlby‚ has been instrumental in the advancement of modern psychology. Bowlby’s attachment theory provides a strong framework for the comprehension of both the nature of close relationships and the link between the associations of children and how this
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Gunderson‚ J.‚ Holmes‚ B.‚ Lyons-Ruth‚ K. (2004) ‘Attachment Studies with Borderline Patients: A Review’ Harvard Review of Psychiatry‚ Volume 12‚ No. 2 Ainsworth‚ M. & Bell‚ S. (1970) ‘Attachment‚ exploration‚ and separation: Illustrated by the behaviour of one-year-olds in a strange situation’. Child Development‚ 41‚ 49-67. Ainsworth‚ M. D. S. (1973). ‘The development of infant-mother attachment’‚ in B. Cardwell & H. Ricciuti (Eds.). Review of child development research. Chicago: University
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Biological-Ethological Theories of Bowlby and Ainsworth‚ and Harlow’s Learning Theories. Margaret Mahler‚ a Hungarian physician‚ who became a psychoanalyst with
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This essay describes and evaluates the contributions of Bowlby‚ Ainsworth‚ Murray-Parkes‚ Kubler-Ross and Worden‚ as well as later theorists‚ to their respective fields. I demonstrate how I already work with some of these models‚ highlighting my strengths and areas for development. I emphasise some influences on Bowlby’s work‚ leading to his trilogy Attachment 1969; Separation 1973; and Loss‚ Sadness and Depression 1980; demonstrating how attachments in infancy may shape our attachment styles in
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provide clinical application through a case presentation; Lastly‚ summarize a research study that examines the association between attachment and chronic illness. Theory and History Attachment theory began with a British child psychiatrist‚ John Bowlby‚ who worked with emotionally disturbed young children and realized that he could help them by positively influencing how the parents interacted with them. He noted that some of these children exhibited antisocial behavior or lacked any affection‚
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Bowlby ’s maternal deprivation hypothesis assumes that continual disruption of the attachment bond between the infant and primary caregiver would result in long term cognitive‚ social and emotional difficulties for the child. To what extent has research into deprivation and privation supported this view. Bowlby claimed that the role of a mother was essential to a child and without this essential mother figure it would affect the child’s psychological health. He called this theory the maternal
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a connection between two people. It is a bond that involves a persons desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress during separation from that person” (Ainsworth‚ M. 1958) Two of the biggest contributors to the understanding of attachment are Harry Harlow (1905 - 1981) and Mary Ainsworth (1913 - 1999). In 1958‚ psychologist Harry Harlow conducted a series of experiments to investigate an infants bond with its mother or care provider. Due to the ethics at the time
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