Child development theories guide teaching practices of children from birth to 11 years of age. One key issue shaping curriculum design is the development of learning standards. The arrival of standards into programs serving children from birth to 11years of age has challenged those who want to ensure the implementation of developmentally appropriate practices during a standards-based climate that emphasizes accountability. In the late 2000s‚ leading researchers in early childhood education were
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structure. Finally‚ the relation between theory and research methods is considered. Child Development‚ 1969‚ 40‚ 969-1025 OBJECT RELATIONS‚ DEPENDENCY‚ AND ATTACHMENT: A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE INFANT-MOTHER RELATIONSHIP MARY D. SALTER AINSWORTH Johns Hopkins University 3 theoretical approaches to the origin and development o f the infant-mother relationship are reviewed: psychoanalytic theories of object relations‚ social learning theories of dependency (and attachment)‚ and an ethologically
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infant’s needs allow the child to develop a sense of security. This allows the infant to know that the caregiver is dependable‚ which in return creates a secure base for the child to then explore the world. Bowlby also explained how early relationships would provide an Internal working model. Bowlby believed that this first relationship forms a schema that gives the child a feel for what a relationship is. The child then uses this in future years to develop other relationships and is important in determining
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theories to a child’s development and discuss the concepts of ’attachment theory’ encompassing ’internal working model’ and ’quality attachment’ of John Bowlby. I shall also discuss the eight stages contemplated in Erikson’s psychosocial development and the impact attachment has on the social and emotional development of an individual. Ainsworth (1969) believed that ‘sensitive mothering’ is an important element in the development of a satisfactory mother-baby attachment (MCI Module‚ undated). The
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relationships between people‚ mainly the long-term relationships between children and parents and romantic partners. The first attachment theorist was a British psychologist by the name John Bowlby. Bowlby described attachment as a long-lasting psychological connectedness that exist among human beings. Bowlby wanted
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The Relational Approach to Counselling I this essay I intend to demonstrate my understanding of the Relational Approach and its underlying theory. I will show throughout this essay that it is essential to understand relationships‚ their development and impact on humans. I am also going to discuss the concept of secure base and repeating relational patterns. I will then consider the implications of working with a culturally diverse population and how this effect the counsellor‘s way of being with
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Trauma Theory Psychological trauma can have an everlasting effect on a person’s life. According to Armsworth and Holaday (1993)‚ Psychological trauma occurs when an individual is exposed to an overwhelming event that renders him or her helpless in the face of intolerable danger‚ anxiety‚ and instinctual arousal (p. 49). Anyone no matter what age‚ can experience a traumatic event. However‚ children are the ones mostly affected by a traumatic event. Trauma regardless if it is sexual abuse‚ physical
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ability to attach to the caregiver is innate in babies. Bowlby said that babies are born with an innate tendency to create strong emotional bonds with their caregivers’. This is mainly for survival because the caregiver provides them with food and shelter. Ainsworth sees attachment as an emotional bond. The baby feels a sense of security and comfort when with the caregiver‚ and uses them as a safe base to explore the world. Ainsworth carried out a study to find how securely attached‚ infants
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pre-conventional morality‚ conventional morality and post conventional morality. Emotional development involves the development and changes on how an individual experiences different feelings and how these feelings are expressed. Research conducted by ‘Bowlby’ looks at the emotional development of an infant and how they can create an emotional bond to another person (usually their
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person who had a great childhood and a happy marriage. It will relate the two interviews back to the different theories and compare the results. It will also explore some aspects of the different theories -Baumrid ’s different parenting styles‚ Bowlby and Ainsworth ’s attachment theory‚ and Sternberg ’s theory of love. What is love? A broad question with many countless aspects pertaining to it. According to Merriam-Websters Dictionary love is the “warm attachment‚ enthusiasm‚ or devotion” felt by
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