child participates (either directly or indirectly) have a unique • Influence on that child’s development. • Different contexts‚ from the closest influences to the most distant influences‚ interact to uniquely affect a child’s development. John Bowlby • Attachment is a close and enduring bond between a child and a caregiver. • Based on sensitive and responsive care‚ a child knows that his or her needs will be met and uses the caregiver as a safe base from which to explore the environment. • In
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use of cigarettes‚ alcohol‚ or other drugs during pregnancy may have damaging effects on the unborn child that may affect the child mentally or physically as they develop. • Experiences - Throughout the twentieth century‚ psychologists such as Bowlby‚ Freud‚ Erikson‚ and Sroufe have stressed the profound importance of early socioemotional experiences on later psychological outcomes. • Environmental / External influences - The ability to adapt to our environment is a part of normal development
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Behaviourist Skinner Skinners operant conditioning negative and positive reinforcement‚ this theory can be applied though stickers praise and reward for good behaviour and through disapproval‚ time out and ignoring unwanted behaviour. John Bowlby Worked on attachment theories which are used in the day to day practice in education and social care at all stages they are given key workers who they
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Discuss the influence of childhood and/or adolescent experiences on adult relationships. (9 marks + 16 marks) The internal working model is a system during infancy that determines what we experience as romantic relationships as adults. According to Bowlby‚ later relationships are likely to be a continuation of early attachment styles (insecure or secure). This internal working model can‚ in extreme cases‚ cause them to develop an attachment disorder. Children with attachment disorders may avoid the
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From several central concepts of initial life experiences‚ one can perceive valuable insights into comprehending the human psyche. Attachment begins in infancy and may last throughout a lifetime or it may change due to circumstances. Bowlby and Ainsworth‚ both supposed that the mother is the one that will shape the child’s personality and character‚ but what about the other bonds a person makes throughout their lifetime? A problem with the attachment model is that the list of attachment behaviors
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connects one person to another across time and space (Ainsworth‚ 1973; Bowlby‚ 1969). So what are the attachment theories focusing on? Attachment theory is focused on the relationships and bonds between people‚ particularly long-term relationships including those between a parent and child and between romantic partners. In my line of work‚ I have to focus on the parental and child attachment rather than the romantic partner one. Bowlby (the creator and psychologist that researched into attachment theories)
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the characteristics of attachment. The different characteristics include having a safe haven‚ secure base‚ separation distress and proximity maintenance. There are two major theorists that studied attachment in infants first; Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby. Both of these theorists believe that each infant will have each one of these characteristics at one point or another. They also believe that an infant can get stuck in one of the characteristics longer than another infant and this is perfectly normal
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References: Bowlby‚ J. (1969) Attachment and Loss: Volume I: Attachment. London: Hogarth Press Leverett S. (2011) ‘Children’s spaces’ in Foley P. and Leverett S. (eds) Children and Yong People’s Spaces‚ Basingstoke‚ Palgrave Macmillan/Milton Keynes‚ the Open University
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their parents. At the age of 16‚ those who went to live with their parents didn’t bond with them well; however the adopted children had strong secure attachments with their foster families- not supporting the maternal deprivation hypothesis given by Bowlby. Although‚ all children experienced problems with peers and would seek attention from adults‚ supporting the hypothesis‚ and showing signs of disinhibited attachments. A weakness of this research is the assumption made by the researchers that the
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Introduction to Child development Holistic development definition In understading a childs development ‚one must take a holistic approach to their learning and development.There are different areas or aspect to a child development including physical‚Intellectual and communication development‚emotional development ‚social and behavioral development as well as spiritual and personal development. The various aspect do not exist separatley‚but rather they intermingle with each other in such a
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