purification of an organic compound by simple extraction 3. To study the test of identification of alkyl halide Chemicals and Apparatus: ~18.0 g 1-butanol‚ ~20.0 g sodium bromide‚ 15 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid‚ anhydrous magnesium sulfate‚ ~10 ml of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate‚ ~1 ml of sodium iodide – acetone reagent‚ 1 ml of bromine in chloroform‚ 1 piece of 100 cm3 round-bottomed flask‚ 1 piece of 50 cm3 of beaker‚ 1 piece of 50 cm3 of conical flask‚ 1 piece of 250 cm3 of separating funnel‚ 1
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with monatomic oxygen in the second equation. The net result of the two reactions is the depletion of ozone and atomic oxygen.6 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)‚ halons‚ and methyl bromide are a few of the ozone depletion substances (ODS) that break down ozone under intense ultraviolet light. The bromine and fluorine in these chemicals act as catalysts‚ reforming ozone (O3)
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ethanol to rinse sides. Heat for five more minutes; cool down to room temperature‚ then ice bath. Collect product by vacuum filtration. Weight dry product and take melting point. Synthesis of Bromoactanile: add correct amounts of acetanilide‚ sodium bromide‚ ethanol and acetic acid in an Erlenmeyer. Add a stir bar and plug the top with cotton. Place the flask in ice bath to cool. Add 7ml bleach and continue to stir for a while. Remove flask from ice bath and warm to room temperature. Add 0.8ml sodium
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chloride test. Bromine Br2 (l or aq) A dark red liquid - orange-brown fumes‚ yellow-orange aqueous solution. The other common orange-brown gas is nitrogen dioxide (i) Shake with a liquid alkene. (ii) Mix with silver nitrate solution. (ii) Decolourised. See alkene test. (ii) Cream ppt. of silver bromide as in the test for bromide. (i) Forms a colourless organic dibromo-compound >C=C< + Br2 ==> >CBr-CBr< (ii) Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq) ==> AgBr(s) Any soluble bromide gives a silver bromide precipitate
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series of tests to find out which Anion was present. From all the tests I found out that the test for bromine halide worked and the test for sulphate also worked. Conclusion In conclusion I found out that the ions present in my sample where sodium‚ sulphate and bromine. The Cation was sodium and the Anions where sulphur and bromine this means that my sample was sodium sulphate or sodium bromide. Evaluation My experiment went very well but if I could redo this I would make some changes. The
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Introduction: In the lab‚ Bromide was combined with trans-cinnamic acid in order to see if the resulting product at the end of the experiment would yield either an erythro- or threo-dibromide. Based on how well this experiment was done there is a possible product that would have a melting point around 95°C‚ threo-‚ 205°C‚ erythro-‚ or somewhere in the middle which would be a combination of the two. The process of refluxing was used to purify the mixture followed by crystallization. In the end
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Chemistry F332 Notes Ions in solids and solutions: Structure of an ionic lattice (Sodium Chloride): * Consists of sodium ions (Na+) surrounded by six chloride ions (Cl-) * Chloride ions also surrounded by six sodium ions. * Held together by attraction of oppositely charged ions. * Giant ionic lattice. * Electrostatic bonds hold lattices together. * Structure is simple cubic. * Some ionic crystals contain water. * Known as water of crystallisation. * These crystals
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an SN2 Reaction Introduction: In order to synthesize 1-Bromobutane an alkyl halide must be present to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction of an alcohol. Since 1-butanol is a primary substrate it will undergo an SN2 reaction with sodium bromide in order to convert the alcohol group to water which is a better leaving group and will in the end produce 1-bromobutane. Experimentally the lab students will see the reaction take place using their knowledge from lecture class to justify why this
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conclusion that the mechanism for 1-butanol is SN2‚ and bromide is a better nucleophile. The first reason is that the substrate is a primary alcohol. The SN2 reaction is the nucleophilic attack of a central atom which kicks out the leaving group. A primary alcohol only has hydrogens plus the leaving group attached to the central carbon. Since the hydrogens do not hinder the nucleophilic attack‚ SN2 reaction is favored. The second reason is that bromide is a better nucleophile. Nucleophlicity is an essential
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The Stereochemistry of Bromine Addition: Bromination of trans-Cinnamic Acid Pitak Chuawong Objectives 1. To perform bromination of trans-‐cinnamic acid 2. To investigate stereochemistry of bromination reaction Introduction Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition to give alkyl halides. When bromine is used as a
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