drops of the NaOH solution 6. Stir for 20 min 7. Add to an ice bath until crystallization occurs 8. Filter the crude product 9. Recrystallize with 2 mL of EtOH 10. Filter pure product and collect MP and mass 11. Perform a saturation test with a bromine and potassium permanganate solution 12. Obtain NMR from instructor and identify peaks Apparatus: Post Lab: Observations:
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in the Laboratory; John R. Ganson Ph. D‚ Revised 2011 by Alfredo Mellace Ph. D www.Aldrich.com Purpose: To synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol via SN2 reaction. Alcohols are converted into the alkyl halides adding an aqueous solution sodium bromide. The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in converting the OH functional group of butanol‚ to a better leaving group. In order for this reaction to synthesis 1-Bromobutane‚ four major methods refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and gravity
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Support Material Exemplar Starter Pages GCE Chemistry B (Salters) OCR Advanced GCE in Chemistry B (Salters): H435 Unit: F336 Chemistry Individual Investigation This Support Material booklet is designed to accompany the OCR Advanced GCE specification in Chemistry B (Salters) for teaching from September 2008. Contents Contents 2 Support Materials 3 Choice of investigation topic 4 Health and Safety 33 Other forms of support 35 Support Materials These support materials should
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+ 2I- ( 2Cl- + I2 Br2 + 2I- ( 2Br- + I2 • Down the group the outer electron is further from nucleus and more shielded so gained less easily 3) Trends in properties of the halides • The halides (chlorides‚ bromides and iodides) are reducing agents which lose an electron when they react • The ability to act as a reducing agent increases down the Group • Down the group the outer electron is further from nucleus and
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GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key IInstructions The final examination will be weighted as follows Modules 1–3 Modules 4–6 The format of the examination will be as follows: Part A: Fill-in-the-Blanks Part B: Multiple Choice Part C: Short Answer Total Marks Include units with all answers as required. Useful Information You will need the following in order to complete this examination: n n n n 15–20% 80–85%
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in Ethanol: RX + AgNO3 + EtOH ROEt + AgX + HNO3 (X=Br) Procedure: First we attained 5 different test tubes and labeled them with numbers (1 through 5) and added 1.0 mL of NaI acetone to each one. Then we added 2 drops of the correct alkyl bromide to each tube. We used 2-bromobutane‚ 2-bromo-2-methylpropane‚ 1-bromobutane‚ bromocyclohexane‚ and I-bromoadamantane. We mixed each test tube and observed the reactions for five minutes to see if there is a precipitate. For the ones we did not see
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starting material into each of two small labeled test tubes. Take two more small labeled test tubes and place 4 or 5 drops of your 4-methylcyclohexene product in each of them. Take one tube from each group‚ and count how many drops of the provided bromine in methylene chloride solution it takes before the red color remains upon contact with the liquid sample. Record this information. Test the remaining two liquids in a similar way using the potassium permanganate
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Clays are one of the important natural materials‚ which have been examined for catalytic applications. Clays are characterized by a layered structure and hence they are slippery when wet. They are broadly classified as cationic or smectite type (having layer lattice structure in which two-dimensional oxyanions are separated by layers of hydrated cations) and anionic or brucite type (in which the charge on the layer and the gallery ion is reversed complimentary to smectite type). Anionic clays are
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w w w e tr .X m eP e ap UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level .c rs om 5070/11 CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Multiple Choice Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB recommended) October/November 2011 1 hour *0909424295* READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction fluid. Write your name‚ Centre number and
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Formation of an Alkene by Alcohol Dehydration Lab Report Balanced Chemical Equation for the Main Reaction Mechanism The acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols involves non-isolable carbocation intermediaries. In the first step of the of the reaction mechanism below‚ a phosphoric acid catalyst adds a proton to the oxygen atom of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. The OH is converted to a better leaving group as the positive charge on the oxygen weakens the carbon-oxygen
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