size & internal contents in layer & breeder. * Excellent source of energy. Descriprtion: Olaquindox: Olaquindox is a growth promoting feed additive for food producing animals. When incorporated in feed‚ olaquindox [ 2-( N-2´-Hydroxyethyl carbonyl)-3-methyl quinoxaline-1‚4-dioxide] is absorbed from the digestive tract. Olaquindox is widely distributed throughout the body tissues. The good tissue penetration & high drug concentrations (max inhibitory concentrations) for most bacterial pathogens
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Austin Peay State University Department of Chemistry CHEM 1021 IDENTIFYING CARBOHYDRATES (adapted from Blackburn et al.‚ Laboratory Manual to Accompany World of Chemistry‚ 2nd ed.‚ (1996) Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth) Purpose: To become familiar with some of the characteristic reaction of carbohydrates. To identify an unknown carbohydrate. Caution: Wear eye protection because of the possible shattering of dropped glassware and because acids are used in this experiment
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How Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols React to Produce Esters: Esters and Ester Production: Esters are abundant and ever present‚ and are the chemical basis of almost all fatty acids and oils. Small esters are responsible for the aroma of fruits‚ perfumes and‚ by extension‚ wines and other alcohols. Esters are formed when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol chemically combine‚ losing a molecule of water in the process. Carboxylic acids are organic molecular compounds that form a homologous series
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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) BIOTECHNOLOGY YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1‚ 2 & 3 UDBB 1164 FUNDAMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 0 EXPERIMENT 1 PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS Introduction Hydrocarbons are compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen‚ can be classified into several types‚ depending on their structure. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are divided into three classes: alkanes (e.g. methane‚ ethane and propane) have only single bonds‚ and are said to be saturated; alkenes (e.g. ethene and propene)
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As an electrophile‚ it is activated by something called the phenacyl effect (Reeve J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954‚ 76‚ 2280-2281). The phenacyl effect applies to halides that are adjacent to a _-bond‚ such as a simple double bond‚ an aromatic ring‚ or a carbonyl. The neighboring _-bond stabilizes both SN2 substition and SN1 ionization (Figure
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Testing for functional groups The chemistry for carbon is vast; there are in excess of ten million known carbon compounds. It is estimated that 300000 new carbon compounds are discovered each year. Organic molecules contain functional groups that are responsible for their chemical properties. Functional groups will react with certain regents in predictable ways‚ making it possible to develop diagnostic reactions to test for their presence in an organic molecule. Common functional groups found
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measured at 141-142˚C (lit1 142.5 ˚C) the narrow range of the boiling point indicates the purity of the product. The infrared spectrum of the product confirmed that the product was isopentyl acetate. A peak at 1743.10 cm-1 showed the presence of a carbonyl group‚ a characteristic of an ester. The peak at 2961.18 cm-1 indicates a stretch C-H bond and the C-O bond are visible at 1244.20 and 1055.33 cm-1. The peaks confirmed the characteristics of isopentyl acetate. The reaction was a successful despite
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The net dipole moment of the molecule Atenolol has amide functional group that makes it the most polar out of three drugs. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen‚ the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and‚ to a lesser extent N–C dipole‚ allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. The presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Therefore‚
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ABSTRACT The glycolysis pathway is nearly universal in biological systems. Glycolysis is the sequence of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate with the concomitant formation of ATP. Three fates of this pyruvate produced exist. In this practical the production of pyruvate and acetaldehyde by fermentation of glucose is established. A series of test tubes was set up each containing glucose and yeast suspension in buffers at different pH values. These test tubes were incubated for an hour at 37℃
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free chlorine and SO2 is expelled as a gas as it is an excellent leaving group (Figure 2)1. Diethyl amine can then be reacted with the compound via a nucleophilic attack. Once the amine is attached chlorine will leave as a leaving group as the carbonyl group reforms (Figure 3)1. This provides a simple two-step process to attach a diethyl amine to a carboxylic acid to produce such compounds as DEET. Producing DEET is very helpful as it is a strong insecticide that affects a large array of different
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