(stretch) 1676 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1670 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1599&1493 Benzene C=C (aromatic stretch) 1597&1493 Benzene C=C (aromatic stretch) 1293 Carboxylic acid C-O (stretch) 1267 Carboxylic acid C-O (stretch) 788 Alkene =C-H bending (stretch) 786-845 Alkene =C-H bending (stretch) Pure (E)-α-phenylcinnamic acid 3054 Aromatic =C-H (stretch) 5053 Aromatic =C-H (stretch) 2616-3054 Carboxylic acid O-H (stretch) 2516-2951 Carboxylic acid O-H (stretch) 1676 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1673
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is slowed by the presence of acid. B) is catalyzed by base. C) requires one equivalent of base. D) is catalyzed by the sodium halide salt. E) requires one equivalent of acid. 9) 10) In the Michael reaction‚ addition to the α‚β-unsaturated carbonyl occurs in a: A) 1‚2-fashion. B) 1‚3-fashion. C) 1‚4-fashion. D) 1‚5-fashion. E) Diels-Alder reaction. 10)
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semicarbazide and a mixture of cyclohexanone and 2-furaldehyde was observed. Both 2-furaldehyde and cyclohexanone contain a carbonyl group. This allows semicarbazides to react with the carbonyl group to form a semicarbazone. That is‚ the double bonded oxygen on the carbonyl group and the two hydrogen of NH2 react to form a water molecule. Following the protonation of the carbonyl group‚ proton shift occurs and the water molecule leaves. This allows for the formation of a double bond between carbon
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| Reactions of Grignard Reagents with Carbonyls | | | Tuesday 1:30 | 2/28/2012 | | Introduction This experiment explores the reactivity pattern for the addition of Grignard reagents to three different carbonyl groups: a ketone‚ an ester‚ and a carbonate. Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds that have a carbon-metal bond‚ such as carbon-magnesium. Grignard reagents are formed from the reaction of an alkyl‚ cycloalkyl‚ or aryl halide and magnesium metal in dry ether
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Analysis of Alcohols‚ Aldehydes and Ketones Karl Wayne Mancao‚ Raphaell Mordeno‚ Andres Pastrana III*‚ and Shannen Peñaverde Department of Biology‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract The proponents have done several tests for identifying alcohols‚ aldehydes and ketones. These tests are Dichromate test‚ Tollens test‚ Lucas test‚ DNPH test and Iodoform test. Three samples got positive result in dichromate test and one in Tollens test. Lucas test got one sample that has
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Chapter 5: Solutions‚ Colloids‚ and Membranes Chapter Summary Mixtures and Solutions * A mixture maintains its identity regardless of the proportions of its components. * A mixture can be separated into its pure components through physical separation techniques. * The components are distributed uniformly throughout a homogenous mixture. * The components are not distributed uniformly throughout a heterogeneous mixture. * A solution is composed of a solvent and one or more solutes
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References: "Carbonyl Reactivity." Michigan State University :: Department of Chemistry. Web. 13. Nov. 2011 Computers in Chemical Education (CCE) Newsletter. Web. 13 Nov. 2011. <http://orgchem.colorado.edu/CCCE/frame/images/handbook.pdf>. Organic Chemistry
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------------------------------------------------- Definition Esters are chemical compounds consisting of a carbonyl adjacent to an ether linkage. They are derived by reacting an oxo acid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group‚ and most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols. That is‚ esters are formed by condensing an acid with
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Classification Tests for Carboxylic Acid and Derivatives Mary Catherine Sarte‚ John Emmanuel Sy‚ Allurie Umel‚Franklin Yap‚ Mary Christine YouIntroduction Carboxylic acids derivatives are simply groupsof compounds that contain a carbonyl group butwith an electronegative atom attached to thecarbon. The difference in the structure leads to amajor change in reactivity. The reactions of thesegroups of compounds involve nucleophilicsubstitution. Although there are abundant kindsof carboxylic acid derivatives
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The most distinct peak is that of a singlet at 9.95 ppm. This has a relative intensity of one. The more deshielded a molecule the higher the chemical shift. Because the oxygen of the carbonyl bond is inductively withdrawing the electron density will reside favourably on the oxygen‚ which means that the electron density associated with the hydrogen is reduced which results in a high chemical shift. A chemical shift of this is only typical
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