UNIT 2 As soon as you begin to exercise changes begin to happen within your body. Body systems work together‚ to make sure that you have enough energy to perform. Body systems respond both in the Short and Long-term in response to exercise. It is important to understand the changes that happen to the body as a result of physical activity. You will understand the: Muscoskeletal‚ Cardiovascular and Respiratory responses to exercise through this unit As soon as you begin to exercise changes begin
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purposes‚ functions and locations in the body. They are skeletal muscle‚ cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is named this because it is attached to and moves the skeleton. It is under the direct and normally voluntary or conscious control of the nervous system. Sometimes skeletal muscles are also called or known as striated (meaning ‘striped) muscle because when viewed under a microscope they are striped. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart and is the specialized muscle of the
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increased pressure and blood vessel diameter result in increased blood flow. Introduction In humans‚ the pumping of blood is essential to life. A consistent blood flow is achieved by the cardiac cycle. This cycle is controlled by the autorhythmic tissues of the heart (Wibbels & Vickery 2007). The cardiac cycle consists of two phases: the systole‚ or contraction phase‚ and the diastole‚ or relaxation phase. The wave of depolarization across the heart’s tissues is regulated by these autorhythmic
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Sgoifo.‚ et al.‚ in which they compare how nonsocial and social stress controls cardiac electrical activity and come to the conclusion‚ that social stress results in higher possibility of ventricular arrhythmia in rats‚ which can be a reason for a sudden cardiac death (2). Another study on on-call physicians showed that psychological stress at working environment result in “adrenergic surge that predispose to cardiac arrhythmias” (3). Vrijkotte in her study showed how negative effect of work stress
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intensity for longer. These changes mainly occur in the heart‚ lungs and muscles. This table shows the changes that occur in our body after long term exercise. Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Muscular system Skeletal system Energy systems Cardiac hypertrophy Increased vital capacity Hypertrophy Increase in bone strength Increased muscular stores for ATP and PC Lower resting heart rate Increased strength of respiratory muscles Increase in tendon strength Increased production of synovial
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Histology Review Supplement The slides in this section are designed to provide a basic histology review related to topics introduced in the PhysioEx lab simulations and in your anatomy and physiology textbook. From the PhysioEx main menu‚ select Histology Tutorial. The opening screen should appear after a few seconds. The Sort by menu is located at the top left. Click on the white drop-down menu and select “Histology Review” from the list. You will note that the slides in the histology module are
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skeletal muscle‚ cardiac muscle‚ and smooth muscle. The skeletal muscle’s main function is to move the bones of the skeleton. This muscle is voluntary and is also striated‚ meaning that it is striped‚ which is due to the muscle fibers that are combined into parallel fibers. Some of these muscles can be controlled unknowningly. For example‚ the diaphragm of the human body continues to alternately contract and relax while we are asleep‚ allowing our lungs to expand to breathe. The cardiac muscle tissue
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Trigeminal Abducens Vagus Hypoglossal Cranial Accessory Diagram of the Spinal cord C). Seven structures of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system that are involved during the activity of running are; skeletal muscles‚ cardiac muscles‚ Motor neuron‚ efferent dendrites‚ sympathetic ganglia and parasympathetic ganglia (Oleksy‚ 2010). 4 5 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Diagram of a Motor neuron Diagram of Efferent dendrites http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/dendrite.html
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Muscles are responsible for all conscious and unconscious movement. It is how we move and react to an environment. There are three types of muscles in the body include the skeletal muscle‚ smooth muscle‚ and the cardiac muscle. Whether you are running‚ walking‚ breathing‚ eating‚ sleeping‚ or typing it all involves some sort of muscle action. Muscle cells that shape‚ form‚ and outline the whole human skeleton is called a muscle fibers. There are two types of muscle fibers: Type I (slow-twitching
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consciousness and they are located in the walls of hollow internal organs such as blood vessels‚ uterus and bladder. They facilitate or retard the transportation of fluid. * Cardiac muscle: It is located in the walls of the heart and its part of the autonomic nervous system too‚ meaning they contract involuntarily. The cardiac muscle cell has one central nucleus like smooth muscle‚ but its striated like skeletal. It is rectangular in shape. The contraction is involuntary‚ strong and rhythmical.
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