PNP PNP or paranitrophenol is an organic compound that undergoes changes when the pH is manipulated of the solution. PNP is also an acid/ base indicator. The compounded starts off as internal conjugated ring with the hydroxyl group and the nitro group single bonded to the aromatic ring. This occurs at the pH of 5. At this point the aromatic compound is colorless and is in the ultraviolet range. However‚ as the pH begins to increase the hydroxyl group deprotonates‚ leaving the oxygen with a negative
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M37_MARI0000_00_SE_CH37.qxd 3/29/11 2:34 PM Page 237 R E V I E W S H E E T NAME ____________________________________ EXERCISE LAB TIME/DATE _______________________ 37 Respiratory System Physiology Mechanics of Respiration 1. For each of the following cases‚ check the column appropriate to your observations on the operation of the model lung. Diaphragm pushed up Change Increased Decreased ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ In the size of the balloons (lungs) In direction of air flow Increased ✓ In internal
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weak base and its salt (conjugate base or conjugate acid‚ respectively) that permits solutions to resist large changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-). If the same amount of the buffer is added‚ the pH may only change a fraction of a unit. Our blood is a good example of a buffered system. It is maintained under a pH of 7.4. Thus‚ buffers are important in many areas of chemistry especially so in biochemistry – in cases when proteins and enzymes
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concentration of two bases‚ carbonate and bicarbonate‚ by using a potentiometric titration. We can determine the concentration of the bases in the reactions ( H+ +CO3- < ==> HCO3- and H+ + HCO3- < ==> H2CO3-) by the way the pH of the solution changes. The way the pH changes when a strong acid is added can be used to determine the concentration of the strong and weak bases that are present in the solution. We can determine this by knowing that when a acid is added to a solution the majority
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At 20 seconds‚ pH = 7.4 2. At 40 seconds‚ pH = 7.4 3. At 60 seconds‚ pH = 7.4 4. Did the pH level of the blood change at all during normal breathing? If so‚ how? No‚ it stayed at 7.4 5. Was the pH level always within the “normal” range for the human body? Yes 6. Did the PCO2 level change during the course of normal breathing? If so‚ how? No‚ it stayed at 40mm Hg Activity 2a: Hyperventilation – Run 1 1. At 20 seconds‚ pH = 7.43 2. At 40 seconds‚ pH = 7.52 3.
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first collecting rainwater from selected rural and urban areas. After the collection was done‚ the rainwater samples were tested using a pH meter. The results of the pH test of rainwater in urban areas: in Novaliches‚ Quezon City‚ in Philcoa‚ Quezon City‚ in Katipunan‚ Quezon City‚ in Paco‚ Manila‚ and in Malate‚ Manila are between 6.08 to 6.10 The result of the pH test of rainwater in rural areas: in Iriga City‚ Bicol‚ in Buhi‚ Bicol‚ in Naga City‚ Bicol‚ in Calamba‚ Laguna‚ and in Biñan‚ Laguna
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aqueous solution) and a salt; this reaction is called neutralization. A buffer solution is a solution that contains both an acid and a salt containing the conjugate base anion in sufficient concentrations so as to maintain a relatively constant pH when either acid or base is added. In this experiment you will prepare a buffer solution and observe its behavior when mixed both with an acid and a base. You will also compare the behavior with that of solutions containing only the acid. Theory
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concentration increases? A) The relationship between the substrate concentration and the initial reaction of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is very productive‚ but is dramatically affected by the pH level of the given solution. The most productive pH level is pH7 B) The relationship is somewhat linear both according to the pH level‚ and substrate concentration up to the point of saturation‚ which in this case was reached between 2g‚ and 4g of substrate C) The reaction grows in productivity with an increase
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table of results. The graph shows that the highest rate of reaction is at pH 7. This therefore supports my theory that at pH 7 the rate of reaction will be highest. This relate to other resources‚ such as books and the internet‚ which show that the optimum pH value for catalase is pH7‚ therefore there is no difference between the optimum pH and the pH used in the experiment‚ hence the enzyme structure is not affected by the pH and is most active. However the graph inadequately supports the second
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volume changes Chapter 16: Acid-Base Euilibrium Brønsted-Lowry acid Brønsted-Lowry base amphoteric water equilibrium constant pH pOH pH scale weak acid Ka and pKa weak base Kb and pKb oxyacids carboxylic acids polyprotic acids amines conjugate acid conjugate base pH of acidic salt solutions pH of basic salt solutions relate Ka and Kb acid strength (binary acids) acid strength (oxyacids) Lewis acid Lewis base Chapter 17: Additional Aspects
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