PHIL 1103: Ethics End-Term Exam Name:_____________________________________________ Class ___________ Date:____________ I. Identify the following kinds of theories of philosophical ethics. (1 point each for a total of 7 points) 1.) Moral goodness consists in the collective cultivation of the virtues‚ such as courage‚ honesty‚ justice‚ generosity‚ etc. in human agents. 2.) The moral goodness of acts (and their agents) is determined by the nature of those
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Introduction A real knowledge‚ one ought to know‚ goes along with the morality of such knowledge. In so much‚ before one can be admitted or introduced into a particular area of study‚ one must be acquainted the morality or the value of such field of study. For this same reasons‚ morality is very crucial in the day-to-day activities of human existence and in all frontiers of knowledge. The branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality and value judgment which concerns itself with habits
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According to Kant‚ we should never treat anyone merely as a means. Therefore we should not lie to someone even if that means that we may prevent 5 other people from being used as mere means. This is because the categorical imperative is principle-based and not utilitarian. The categorical imperative states that you should “act only on the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”. Lying is bad and can never be universalized because if it were‚ there would be no
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Viet-Duy PHAM (99563905) “The starry heavens above me; The moral law within me.” - Kant‚ Immanuel (1724–1804)- Through ancient times and evolution of history ethics has always been viewed as a center of societies of mankind‚ embracing practical nature links it with many other areas of study‚ including anthropology‚ biology‚ economics‚ history‚ politics‚ sociology‚ and theology with the teaching of Western philosophers like Plato‚ Aristotle‚ or Asia with the view of Confucius‚ Lao-tzu or Meng
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Kant believes that freedom comes in obeying moral rules‚ rather than in resisting them‚ that the moral action to do is always the rational thing to do. Kant wants us to believe in practical reason and not pure reason. Unlike utilitarianism‚ Kant argues we are designed as duty followers‚ not for the pursuit of happiness‚ he thinks we are not fulfilled by primarily being happy. Our aim is not to attain happiness but rather‚ to do our duty. Kant believes that rationality is a definitive part of our
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Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals is the categorical imperative. "The conception of an objective principle‚ in so far as it is obligatory for a will‚ is called a command (of reason)‚ and the formula of the command is called an Imperative." (Abbott‚ 30) An imperative is something that a will ought or shall do because the will is obligated to act in the manner in which it conforms with moral law. The categorical imperative is an obligation by the will to act so that the action can
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Kant’s Categorical Imperative is organized around the notion that everyone is bound by moral duty‚ no matter who they are‚ and that decisions should be made simply because they are right (Kant). His disregard for the consequences deviates from Ross’ firm belief that outcomes do matter. Similarly to Ross’ seven prima facie duties‚ the Categorical Imperative is broken into three maxims that apply to everyone: Universality‚ Fair Treatment
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Aristotle and Kant - as ancient to modern ethics on virtue and happiness. The following essay aims to compare Ancient versus Modern theories of ethics‚ particularly those of Aristotle and Immanuel Kant. The central concepts of virtue‚ happiness‚ and the human good are relevant to modern ethics‚ but do not play the same role as they did in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. The concepts are also relevant to Autonomy “as autonomy is the capacity for self-government. Agents are autonomous if their actions
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take for example the human brain. A will is good according to Kant when it “is good in itself‚ and considered by itself to be esteemed much higher than all that can be brought about by it in favour of any inclination” (Kant 55). B. Kant’s categorical imperative states that our actions should stem from a sense of duty and universalization. Before committing to an action you need to ask yourself‚ is
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KANT AND EQUALITY Some readers of this essay will have become impatient by now; because they believe that the problem that perplexes me has been definitively solved by Immanuel Kant. It is certainly true that Kant held strong opinions on this matter. In an often-quoted passage‚ he reports a personal conversion from elitism: “I am myself a researcher by inclination. I feel the whole thirst for knowledge and the eager unrest to move further on into it‚ also satisfaction with each acquisition. There
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