Ratio decidendi and obiter dicta Learning objectives At the end of this module‚ you will be able to: * distinguish between ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. * apply well-established rules to identify the ratio decidendi in a decision. This module is intended as a useful exercise in revision. If you are certain that you understand how to discover the ratio in an opinion‚ you should skim lightly over this material. What is the ratio decidendi? As you probably recall from your studies
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Ratio analysis Debt ratio Debt ratio (2006-2007) = Total liabilities / Total assets = 10‚170/12‚064 = 0.84 Debt ratio (2007-2008) = 9‚210/11‚769 = Debt ratio (2008-2009) = 10‚003/11‚229 = Debt ratio (2009-2010) = 11‚043/12‚537 = Current ratio Current ratio (2006-2007) = Current assets / Current liabilities = 3‚424/4‚790 = 0.71 Current ratio (2007-2008) = 2‚164/4‚498 = Current ratio (2008-2009) = 1‚326/5‚389 = Current ratio (2009-2010) = 2‚697/6‚085 = Return on sales (ROS) Return on Sales
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101‚40 Higher Water Level (±0.05cm) 21‚5 24‚5 28‚5 Lower Water Level (±0.05cm) 12‚5 11‚0 13‚5 Pressure of Atmosphere/ (±0.005kPa) * The temperature is converted to Kelvin from Celsius for the significance of this lab. ! Qualitative Observation ! I. Bubbles that vary in sizes form from the copper (Cu) coiled magnesium (Mg) travel upwards the
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Name: _______________________ 7.04 Equilibrium Data and Observations: Insert data tables for each part of the lab (parts I‚ II‚ and III). Part I (2 points) Round Candies on R side Candies on P side 0 40 0 1 25 15 2 19 21 3 17 23 4 16 24 5 16 24 6 16 24 7 16 24 8 16 24 9 16 24 10 16 24 Part II (2 points) Round Candies on R side Candies on P side 0 40 0 1 38 23 2 30 32 3 27 35 4 26 36 5 25 37 6 25 37
Free Ratio Chemical equilibrium Thermodynamics
light-dependent reactions located in the leaf? 8. What is the function of a photosystem? 9. What is the function of water in the light-dependent reactions? 10. Describe the similarities and differences of Photosystems I & II 11. What are the limiting factors to photosynthesis? 12. Describe adaptations that allow the leaf to retain water. 13. Explain how photorespiration reduces production of glucose. Look at the graphs below. |A |[pic]
Free Photosynthesis
product for the reaction of each alkene below with H-X. H + H Cl + Cl Cl + + Br H Br H I Br + H I H + I H 2. Draw a complete mechanism of each pair of reactant including any favorable rearrangements and all important resonance structures of all intermediates. Reactant Pair 1 Cl H Br 1 + Cl No shift stable benzylic carbocation H: shift H H Br 2 3 Cl + Cl a. Which reaction has a lower PE carbocation intermediate? Reaction pair 1 is more
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OPERATING & FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY PROFITABILITY RATIOS * Gross Profit marging Gross ProfitSales×100% 2010/2011 2009/2010 = (171‚325‚029/435‚759‚776) *100 = (59‚257‚454/327‚593‚843)*100 = 39.3164% = 18.0887% * Profit Margin = NPBT * 100 Sales 2011/2012 2010/2011 = (41‚896‚089/ 435‚759‚776)
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Organic Chemistry I Spring 2013 Practice test 1. Name the following compounds: a. 5-tert-butyl-7-isopropyl-6-sec-butyl-undecane b. cis-2-(5‚6-dimethylheptyl)-6-(3-methylpentyl)piperidine c. trans -2-nonyl-3-octyl-tetrahydrofuran d. trans-1‚6-dimethylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane e. cis-6‚8-ditert-butylspiro[3.5]nonane f. 1‚6-dimethylcyclohexene g. (Z)-3-bromo-4-fluoro-5-methyl-oct-4-ene h. (E)-8-(1-chloroethyl)nonadec-8-ene 2. Draw the structures of the following compounds: a b e c
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CLC108/CLB108 Tutorial #1 1. 2. Define Cell Theory. Discuss the similarities & differences between prokaryotes & eukaryotes‚ with diagrammatic illustrations. Discuss the similarities & differences between plant & animal cells‚ with diagrammatic illustrations. Describe the Davson-Danielli model of plasma membrane with diagrammatic illustration. State the function(s) of the following cell organelles: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 6. Golgi complex Mitochondria Smooth ER Rough ER Ribosomes Lysosome 3.
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Chemistry Student Handout Question & Answers 1. Most drugs are weak acids or weak bases. Is cocaine a weak acid or weak base? Cocaine is a weak base. 2. A weak acid or base can exist in 2 forms—charged (ionized) or uncharged (unionized). What is the major factor that determines whether the weak acid or base is charged or un- charged? The amount of H+ in comparison to OH- 3. In what chemical form (charged or uncharged) is cocaine snorted? Smoked? Why are they different? Cocaine (unionized) is
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