Chemistry‚ 2014 UNIT 1 – MATTER TRENDS AND CHEMICAL BONDING History of the atom DEMOCRITUS Smallest particle of matter is called an atom Atoms are in constant motion and have empty space between them ARISTOTLE 4 element theory of matter (earth‚ air‚ water‚ fire) Had different combinations of the 4 qualities: hot‚ cold‚ dry‚ moist JOHN DALTON Expanded on Democritus’s theory: All matter is composed of tiny‚ indivisible particles All atoms of an element have identical properties
Free Atom Chemical bond Hydrogen
Appendix APPENDIX 1 Chemical tests for functional groups Homologous series/ Typical compound Functional group(s) Alkanes CH3CH3 ethane C – C and C–H Alkenes CH2 = CH2 ethene C=C Chemical tests/Observations Add liquid bromine in ultraviolet light (or sunlight): White fumes of HBr liberated; decolourisation of bromine occurs slowly (a) Add Br2 in CCl4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of bromine occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified
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before the deadline. st SECTION A ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE & IONIZATION ENERGY 1. 2. Write the electronic structure in s‚p‚d notation of the following: O‚ Na‚ Na+‚ Al‚ Cl- and Co (Total 6 Marks) Write the electronic configuration in box notation of the following: N‚ Si and Ni (Total 3 Marks) 3. Write the electronic configuration in box notation of chromium and copper. Suggest reasons for the apparently anomalous arrangement of electrons in their atoms. (Total 4
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with a Copper Solution Introduction: The experiment in this activity involves the reaction between a copper (II) chloride solution with iron nails and the mole ratios involved in the reaction. Measurements are taken to determine the moles of each reactant involved in the reaction and thus the number of atoms or molecules involved. Apparatus and Materials: Refer to the reaction of iron nails with a copper solution assignment in Module 3‚ Section assignment 3.4 Part F of the Chemistry 11 course
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Name: __________________________________ ( ) Class: 4Q HWA CHONG INSTITUTION PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2010 CHEMISTRY 5072 Paper 1 Time: 1 hour INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not turn the pages over until you are told to do so. Write your name and index number on the answer sheet in the spaces provided. There are forty questions on this paper. Attempt all questions. For each question‚ there are four possible answers labelled A‚ B‚ C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and
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HEAT TREATMENT OF COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS: Copper and its alloys are widely used in many products that are used in our everyday life. They have excellent properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity good strength. They have high corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance. Copper is a non-magnetic material. Pure Copper is soft and used widely in wires and cables and is extensively used for passage of electricity. Copper is used in the building construction.
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There are four major factors that often contribute to the formation of hydrothermal copper porphyry: 1) readily available mineralizing fluid solutions that dissolve and transport metals‚ 2) openings in rocks which allow permeable flow of hydrothermal fluids and the metals that they transport in solution‚ 3) available sites within the fractured rocks which allow for deposition of the minerals from solution‚ and 4) the requisite chemical reactions that contribute to that deposition (Bateman‚ 1967)
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electrons down the Group 2) Trends in chemical properties of the elements • The Group 7 elements are oxidising agents which gain an electron when they react • The ability to oxidise decreases down Group 7 • This can be shown by halogen displacement reactions where elements higher up the group will displace elements further down the group • This can be done with chlorine dissolved in water or by bubbling chlorine gas through NaBr(aq) or NaI(aq) Cl2 + 2NaBr (
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M12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M MARKSCHEME May 2012 CHEMISTRY Standard Level Paper 2 13 pages –2– M12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in this examination session. It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of IB Cardiff. –3– M12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M General Marking Instructions Assistant Examiners (AEs) will be contacted by
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condition is expressed in the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction. In this experiment‚ I will study the equilibrium properties of the reaction between ethanoic acid‚ otherwise known as acetic acid (CH3COOH) and water (H2O): CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq) When solutions containing ethanoic acid and water are mixed‚ they react to some extent‚ forming CH3COO- and H3O+. As a result of the reaction‚ the equilibrium amounts of CH3COOH and H2O will be less; for every mole of CH3COO- formed
Free PH Acid dissociation constant Chemical equilibrium