The underlying causes that brought on the Protestant Reformation would be Martin Luther creating Lutheranism‚ Christians deciding to change their religion‚ discarding large parts of the Bible‚ and leaving the old authority of the Pope behind over indulgences. The Reformation had many causes but the top three would be‚ social‚ political‚ and economic. The political causes began over Nationalism‚ the Pope’s control resenting‚ a foreign ruler‚ and the protection of leaders. Both Protestantism and
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The lack of a good economic system started the wheels of the French Revolution. France’s government was running on a mercantilist economy where the government has control over the imports and mainly exports of the country. At the time‚ due to France’s participation in the American Revolution and King Louis’ enormous expenses‚ the country of France fell into much accumulated debt; therefore‚ the taxes on the common people were very heavy‚ and debt upon the country could be seen in its people... Now
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that contributed to the outbreak of revolution</b> <br>The composition of society was a major contributing factor to the tensions and conflicts generated under the old regime. Society was divided into Three Estates‚ the first Estate comprised of the clergy (1%)‚ the nobility‚ and rest of the population was classified as the Third Estate. Not only was the Third Estate heterogeneous‚ comprising of the bourgeoise (lawyers‚ doctors‚ intellectuals‚ businessman‚ the traders‚ merchants‚ factory owners)‚ peasants
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nations had developed into a strong national monarchy with a centralized bureaucracy and a professional army? a. France c. England b. Spain d. All of these answers are correct. 4. The Cluny reform movement sought to a. remove the clergy from royal authority and strengthen the powers of the pope. b. strengthen the powers of the Holy Roman Emperor. c. rejoin the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches. d. abolish monasticism and promote clerical marriage. 5.
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debt and raised taxes on the commoners‚ and they were also the only ones that worked. The nobles pay taxes to the king‚ but they just taxed the commoners. Paris was in a financial crisis and was a very sad place at the time. Commoners were under the clergy‚
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Reaction Paper Non Fiction ENG 125 September 24‚ 2012 Heather Carpolio Reaction Paper Non Fiction “Salvation” By Langston Hughes "My aunt told me that when you were saved you saw a light‚ and something happened to you inside! And Jesus came into your life! And God was with you from then on! She said you could see and hear and feel Jesus in your soul." ( Barnet‚ Burto & Cain‚ 2011) Langston Hughes ’ short story uses allegory to redefine the word "see"‚ when his aunt tells him
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monarchy who led extravagant lifestyles. The peasant class sought only to improve their standard of living. The bourgeoisie felt an increasing sense of frustration as opportunities for social and employment advancement were limited. The nobility and clergy occupied the higher social classes‚ and had the privilege of birth‚ but the business leaders of the Third Estate could not penetrate those circles. While the general consensus among the bourgeoisie was for a constitutional monarchy‚ they also desired
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consistently followed through with his word which made him very credible and a leader that the people respected. During this time in the 16th century‚ upper clergy had become like secular rulers instead of religious authority. The church owned massive amounts of land and was part of the feudal system. Immorality had become rife in the higher clergy with simony (pay-offs) and non-celibacy becoming the norm. According to Catholic theology at the time‚ if one sinned you could repent and be given the
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In the Middle Ages‚ many parts of Western Europe were falling‚ but the Roman Catholic Church had risen up from the darkness and influenced almost all of Western Europe. In this period of time‚ the Church had so much religious‚ political and economic power. The Church would start by “forcing” the people of Western Europe to believe and participate in Church life by giving them an opportunity to an everlasting afterlife. Then‚ from those who came‚ the Church gained wealth from donations and other reasons
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The thesis of this study is how society was during the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. French Revolution during this time went through significant changes from the beginning when society was run by the wealthy class and being undemocratic and changed to being a democratic state. From 1789 to 1799‚ the French Revolution was a "cataclysmic political and 1 social upheaval
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