person. So unlike other diseases it wouldn’t be any benefit to vaccinate a few since each individual must be vaccinated separately since it is not a contagious disease. Tetanus happens when someone gets a dirty wound that contains a bacteria called Clostridium tetani. The spores in this bacteria grow into a strong toxic called tetanospasmin that damages your muscles and causes stiffness leading to Tetanus. The incubation period can be as short as 24 hours and as long as many months. The average time period
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CELL INJURY: CAUSES OF CELL INJURY‚ MECHANISMS OF REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY. CELL INJURY. Causes of cell injury range from gross mechanical external causes to mild endogenous causes as genetic lack of enzymes etc. Virtually all forms of tissue injuries start with molecular or structural alterations in cells. Under normal conditions‚ the cells are in: ❖ homeostastatic „steady“ state Normal cell is confined to relatively narrow range of functions and structure by
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How is Vitamin C manufactured? Ascorbic Acid Also known as: l-ascorbic acid‚ vitamin C‚ ascorbate A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets‚ and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form‚ vitamin C‚ functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary
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Hospital Hygiene As Hospital Director‚ many actions need to be taken when it comes to keeping this hospital safe and free from bacteria as possible. Many infection control measure should be taken‚ and it is not an issue that should be taken take lightly. Many things will be implemented into the building of this hospital to prevent and reduce the risk of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs). One measure that will be taken to prevent HAIs is installing copper‚ bronze‚ and brass fixtures throughout
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National parks are a celebration of life and‚ growing up‚ my family joined this celebration at many different locations. Our road trips took us to Glacier National Park‚ Joshua Tree‚ Yosemite‚ Yellowstone‚ and new locations continued to appear as red dots on the map as the years went on. Every national park proclaims its history on placards distributed throughout their territory‚ and the history of the animals that have barely survived mankind has always fascinated me the most. As I have grown older
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The plague‚ which is caused by Yersinia pestis‚ a gram-negative rod-shaped‚ non-motile‚ non-sporulating bacterium has a great historical significance. Plague is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans by rodents (e.g.‚ rats‚ mice‚ ground squirrels). Fleas that live on the rodents can transmit the bacteria to humans‚ who then suffer from the bubonic form of plague. The bubonic form may progress to the septicemic and pneumonic forms. Pneumonic plague would be the predominant form having potential
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Cured meats like serrano ham and pepperoni are just continuations of the age-old human tradition of salting meat to preserve it and make it safe for eating. Curing helps to prevent foodborne illness caused by bacteria like Clostridium botulinum. It is also important to recognize that the curing salts used to cure meat can be deadly if they are not handled carefully. Cure meats safely by following these steps: Decide which meat you want to cure. Ham is the most popular choice‚ but you can cure
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stop transmission of the transient micro-organisms when in direct contact with patients (NHS‚ 2009). Alcohol-based hand rubs or gels should not be used alone when infection is present as this alone will not kill the spores for infection such as clostridium difficile. After washing hands must be dried properly as failure to do this can increase the transfer of bacteria (Nottingham University Hospitals‚ 2011). Hygienic hygiene not only removes transient microorganisms but also reduces resident microorganisms
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once every 20 minutes! So let’s say if you have 1 bacterium at 9am on Monday‚ by noon you will have 512 and 8 by 4pm you will have over 2 million and by the time you go to bed (8pm) you will have nearly 9 thousand million! Bad bacteria like the Clostridium family‚ of botulism fame‚ live in our guts and dine on our Western diets of high fat‚ high sugar and processed foods. These bacteria can produce toxins that are released into the bloodstream and could affect the brain in a bad way. Microbes also
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5.1 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES: Acetone is produced directly or indirectly by propylene. Early processes for the manufacture of acetone were based on the thermal decomposition of calcium acetate or the carbohydrate fermentation of corn starch or molasses. The ready availability of propylene in the 1960s led to routes based on the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol or cumene peroxidation. (1) By Cumene Oxidation (Hock Process). Propene is added to benzene [71-43-2] to form cumene [98-82-8]‚ which
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