climate change‚ while others believe that humans are the number one cause of climate change. Two of the most common arguments I found were that the earth has been warming and glaciers have been melting since the last ice age. The second is that rising CO2 levels do not necessarily cause global warming. Skeptics believe that although the earth has warmed 1.4 degrees over the 20th century it is still within the 5-degree fluctuation of the last 3000 years. Many records reveal that the 20th century is
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Lobell et al. (2011) showed that climate trends since 1980 were large enough in many countries to offset a significant proportion of the potential increases in average crop yields due to technological advances‚ CO2 fertilization and other factors. By 2100‚ potentially‚ atmospheric [CO2] will rise to 1000 mmol mol21‚ temperature will rise by 2–4 8C or more‚ precipitation will become more variable‚ and episodes of extreme weather will become more frequent‚ intense and last longer. It is important
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9.1.2 3 difference between monocots and dicots 3 differences between monocots and dicots 1. Monocots have parallel venations along their leaf 2. Dicot roots have X-shaped xylem whereas monocots are organized into a ring 3. Dicot stem xylem form a ring around the outside whereas monocot xylems are scattered 9.1.3 Distribution of tissues in leaves and functions In the leaf you have xylem and phloem tissues. Xylem tissues act like transport tubes‚ transporting water and minerals. Phloem tissues
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Carbon dioxide is both a vital requirement for producers – the first organisms in any food chain‚ and at times a dangerous waste product. Where plants use carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis‚ at night they also produce small quantities due to respiration. Fundamentally‚ carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose bisphosphate to produce glycerate 3-phosphate in the light independent reaction. In turn glycerate3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate using reduced NADP
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sunlight to carry out a process called photosynthesis. In the process of “photosynthesis”‚ specialized molecules capture carbon from the air and bind it to water using energy produced from sunlight. There are two classes of autotrophs: chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs. Chemoautotrophs are able to “fix” CO2 using energy they obtain from respiration. Photoautotrophs are photosynthetic which means that they use energy from the sun to break up CO2 molecules and make glucose‚ which they
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------------ Lesson 6/ Key Questions: 21. a) (2) acteyl-coA molecules(2 x 2C) ----> Oxaloacetate(4C) ----> Citrate(6C) ---> Isocitrate (6C) ---> (2 NADH) ---> a-ketoglutarate(5C) ---> releases one molecule of CO2 and reduces NAD + to (2 NADH+) ----> Succinyl-coA(4C) yielding CO2 and NADH2+ ----> releases coenzyme A and phosphorylates ADP into (2 ATP)----> Succinate (4C) ----> FAD is converted to (2 FADH2) ----> Fulmarate (4C) ----> Malate (4C) ----> reducing NAD+ to (2 NADH+) ---> Oxaloacetate
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either lactate in muscles or ethanol and CO2 in yeast. However 2 ATP molecules are used in the phosphorylation of glucose at the start of glycolysis so the net product of anaerobic respiration is just 2 ATP. In aerobic respiration the pyruvate molecules move into the mitochondrial matrix where they undergo the link reaction‚ releasing one CO2 molecule and one NADH each. This leaves two acetyl co-enzyme A molecules which enter the Krebs cycle to release another 2 CO2 molecules‚ 1 ATP‚ 3 NADH and 1 FADH
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Transport Systems Essay In single celled organisms‚ nutrients‚ water and various substances that are need for basic cellular processes can easily be transported in and out through the cell membrane. This is an effective transport system for microscopic organisms‚ but multicellular organisms require a more complex transport system to sustain itself. Take humans for example; unlike a cell‚ only the outer layer of skin is in contact with the body’s outside environment. It’s not possible for substances
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Maldonado Abstract: In this lab the students did two labs in which they learned the process of photosynthesis‚ which involves the use of light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar‚ oxygen‚ and other organic compounds. Oxygen is released as a product. This process is often summarized by the following reaction: 6CO2 + 12H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 The energy of photosynthesis comes from absorbed photons found in light and involves a reducing agent‚ in this case water. The
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so that it can be used by the organism. For example‚ when we looked at how plants get energy we say that plants’ main source of energy is sunlight. But‚ we noticed that light energy cannot be directly used by the plant. So‚ using the process of Photosynthesis plants can effectively turn light energy into “usable” or kinetic energy. This process consists of two sub-processes‚ light dependent and light independent. In a plant cell there is an organelle called the chloroplast. In each plant cell there
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