IRAC/CRAC What is it? • Issue‚ Rule‚ Analysis‚ Conclusion OR Conclusion‚ Rule‚ Analysis‚ Conclusion • Method for organizing legal analysis so that the reader can follow your argument • Especially helpful in writing exams (IRAC) and legal memos (CRAC). How to do it? As an example‚ we will look at whether someone can sue for battery as a result of inhaling second-hand smoke. The issue we will look at is whether there is contact‚ which is required for a battery claim. Issue
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problem of induction. The old problem of Induction is the matter of justification. To justify induction a statement should show that it leads to true conclusions from true premises. David Hume pointed out a huge problem with this. As a result‚ Hume argued that specific instances based on observations should not be accepted because their general conclusions are based around a number of unobserved events. According to Hume‚ induction can be justified by relying only on ( demonstrative reasoning )‚ and
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collecting data/information and drawing conclusions based on data/information collected. A good thinker can be identified by the way and manner data collected is evaluated and conclusion drawn. A critical thinker will collect information‚ evaluates information‚ draw conclusions using logic and finally evaluates logical conclusions (panning- for – gold style of thinking)‚ while one who does not think critically will only collect information and draw conclusions without logic (the sponge approach) Browne
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-Researchers must be cautious and careful in presenting the gathered results 3. INCLUSIVE - Must include not only affirmative data but also the negative result‚ (e.g. experimental errors that may have a significant bearing in your conclusion based on the results gathered) 4. SYSTEMATIC - Data presentation must be done in a logically; in a way that it can be easily understood. - Usage of legends explaining what are being summarized. 5. RELEVANT- Results should compliment
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disinterested parties involved. The conclusion about social justice that Rawls comes to is the two principles of the theory of justice as fairness. In this essay I will argue that Rawls’ conclusion about social justice‚ the theory of justice as fairness‚ is sound but the methodology using the Original Position and Veil of Ignorance is flawed. Rawls’s theoretical devices of the Original Position and the Veil of Ignorance do not help us to come to sound conclusions about social justice. This will be
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Critical analysis of a technical issue (i.e. a technical thought pattern leading from the identification of an issue to the creation of a hypothesis‚ and ultimately to a conclusion). • Analysis of a technical issue‚ evaluation of alternate resolutions‚ how the recommendations were derived. • A conclusion that supports the recommendations. • Acknowledgement of sources (bibliography‚ references‚ footnotes). Acknowledgement of sources
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has at least one issue and conclusion. “Experts Are Never Right” by Harry N. Rosenfield is no exception. This article discusses whether “experts” are trustworthy sources. The issue in the article is the question the article is trying to answer. The conclusion is an answer to the question that the author wants the reader to accept. The issue and conclusion can be found using examples given in the article. By reading Rosenfield’s essay‚ one can infer the issue and conclusion based upon the examples he
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| RESEARCH METHODS | |Course Notes Writer: Prof. Dr. Abdul Razak Habib | Course Leader: Assoc. Prof. Dr Abdullah Mohd Noor TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH 1. Introduction This topic will give you the overview of research‚ research in education and research
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basis of scientific research. Scientific research focuses on solving problems in a step _by _step logical‚ organized and rigorous manner in each step of research viz.‚ identifying problem‚ gathering data‚ analyzing it and in arriving at a valid conclusion. Organizations may not always be involved in the scientific research due to various reasons like - simple problems which can solved with previous experience‚ time contingency‚ lack of knowledge‚ resource constraints etc.‚ However the scientific
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justify or prove one statement by appealing to another statement/s. To prove or justify a statement means to give a good reason for believing it.1 The statement that you are trying to justify is called the conclusion whereas the justifying statements are called premises. All reasoning has a conclusion (implied or explicit) and at least one (and typically more than one) premise. Logicians also refer to inferences as (logical) arguments. Statements that do not form arguments: Arguments need to be distinguished
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