Chapter 19: The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism 1. The of Napoleon Bonaparte a. The chief threat to the Directory came form royalists who hoped to restore the Bourbon monarchy by legal means. Many of the émigrés had returned to France and their plans for a restoration drew support from devout Catholics and from citizens disgusted from the outcome of the revoulution. Monarchy promised stability. b. The spring elections of 1797 replaced most incumbents with constitutional
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Nationalism holds that where a nation exists‚ it should govern itself. The forces of nationalism influenced central Europe from Italy to the land of the Austrian Habsburgs. After 1815‚ the region knew the positive effects of a different style of governing and was divided into a much more rational set of political units. There was an effort by both states to unite its segmented lands‚ so that they could have a more international standpoint. By 1870‚ both Italy and the Austrian Empire had been re-established
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Chapter 1 Introduction International law may be defined as that body of law which is composed for its greater part of the principles and rules of conduct which states feel themselves bound to observe‚ and therefore‚ do commonly observe in their relations with each other‚ and which includes also: a) the rules of law relating to the functioning of international institutions or organizations‚ their relations with each other‚ and their relations with states and individuals; and b) Certain
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Waterloo‚ fought on June 18‚ 1815‚ was Napoleon Bonaparte’s last battle. His defeat led swiftly to his final overthrow as ruler of France. After his exile to Elba‚ he had reinstalled himself on the throne of France for a Hundred Days. During this time‚ the forces of the rest of Europe‚ the United Kingdom‚ Prussia and the Russian Empire converged on him‚ commanded by the United Kingdom’s Duke of Wellington‚ and Prussia’s Gebhard von Blücher. As far back as 13 March 1815‚ six days before Napoleon
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Alexander I Alexander I of Russia was born December 23‚ 1777 and died December 1‚ 1825. He served as Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and Ruler of Poland from 1815 to 1825‚ as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland. Soon after his birth on December 23‚ 1777‚ Alexander was taken from his father‚ Paul I of Russia‚ by his grandmother‚ Catherine the Great‚ who greatly disliked Paul and did not want him to have any influence on the education of Alex. Both sides
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was lost when Britain’s thirteen colonies in America declared independence the year 1776. Britain resorted to focus on India and Canada‚ where they still held a few colonies. During the Napoleonic wars against Napoleon’s France (late 18th century to 1815)‚ Britain won several important naval battles against France and ultimately won the war as well. Britain became the dominant power in Europe‚ and could freely start to build colonies in India. Britain now had colonies in America (Canada)‚ India and
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A Twenty-First Century Concert of Powers Even though we tend to not recognize it‚ today’s world is in peril: While the number and type of actors has multiplied in the process of globalization‚ great powers retain their dominant role in international security. The central element of global security governance‚ the one factor that presents a road fork between the paths to peace and to war and which also is a precondition to successful management of several other important issues‚ thus concerns
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understand why Austria was hostile to the whole idea of Italian unification in this period. After the crippling French Wars of the early 19th century all the powers agreed that such bloodshed must never be allow to happen again. Therefore at the 1815 Congress of Vienna it was decided that Austria would have control over the turbulent Italian states of Lombardi and Venetia in order to ensure that the aforementioned areas did not attempt to rise up‚ and in doing so‚ spark off another war. Indeed it is clear
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World War I was a military conflict from 1914 to 1918. It began as a local European war between Austria - Hungary and Serbia on July 28‚ 1914. It was transformed into a general European struggle by declaration of war against Russia on August 1‚ 1914 and eventually became a global war involving 32 nations. Twenty - eight of these nations‚ known as the Allies and the Associated Powers‚ and including Great Britain‚ France‚ Russia‚ Italy‚ and the United States‚ opposed the coalition known as the Central
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a battle ground for the great powers of Europe. This was the first stage which was referred to as the Pre-Revolutionary stage. This stage was after the Napoleonic war and Napoleon Bonaparte’s second defeat. The major powers met up at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and reorganized the Italian Peninsula in terms of who owned where. The northern provinces of Lombardy and Venetia was given to Austria‚ Kingdom of Sardinia got Piedmont and was under the rule of an Italian Monarch‚ Tuscany shared north-central
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