Complementary-SNS and PSNS exert similar effects -Salivary glands: PSNS alone produces watery saliva‚ SNS and PSNS produce thicker saliva Cooperative-SNS and PSNS act differently but work together -Micturition:SNS increases tone of bladder muscles‚ PSNS promotes contraction -Penis:PSNS causes erection‚ejaculation is due to SNS What are the two divisions of the ANS? Sympathetic-fight or flight Parasympathetic-rest and digest Sympathetic Nervous System "Thoracolumbar" -SNS ganglia are found primarily
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The body in motion How do musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems influence and respond to movement? Skeletal system Terminology: Anterior: Toward or on the front of the body: in front of The pectorals are on the anterior aspect of the body Posterior: Towards or on the back of the body: behind The rhomboids are on the posterior aspect of the body Superior: Toward the head or upper part of a structure: above The humerus is superior to the radius Inferior: Toward the lower part
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Biomechanics of Injury: Notes Sports injuries are divided into two categories: Acute and Chronic Acute Injury Acute injuries occur suddenly when playing or exercising. E.g. sprained ankles‚ strained back and fractured hands are acute injuries. Signs of acute injury include: Sudden severe pain Swelling Inability to place weight on a lower limb Extreme tenderness in an upper limb Inability to move a joint through full range of motion Extreme limb weakness Visible dislocation/break
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Acetylcholine receptors. Depolarization happens when Acetylcholine causes an area of the muscle fiber to become a little more positive when it leaves the nerve and docks on receptors in the muscle membrane. Large amounts of Na+ ions enter the muscle fiber because channels open after depolarization‚ and an action potential then spreads throughout the muscle fiber. The thick and thin filaments of the muscle fiber can then contract
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all this walking and running around we don’t think much of it ‚ other than your muscles felling soar at the end of the day‚ but really there’s more to a muscle then what I thought. For example we’ll use the calf muscle ( gastrocnemius). This muscle is connected to the bone by a tendon which is connected to the epimysium. It then breaks down to the fascicles and finally to the muscle fiber ( cell) inside of the muscle fibers of the myofibril‚ inside of that is the those and thin filements. The thin
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four (4) functional characteristics of all muscle tissues -Excitability or Responsiveness- The ability to receive and respond to a stimulus that is any change in the environment whether inside or outside the body. In the case of muscle ‚the stimulus is usually a chemical for example - a neurotransmitter released by a nerve cell‚ or a local change in ph. The response is generation of of an electrical impulse that passes along the sarcolemma of the muscle cell and causes the cell to contract. Contractility-
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Chapter 10 Muscles 1) The study of the muscular system is known as a) kinesiology. b) pathophysiology. c) myology. d) biology. e) neurology. 2) All of the following are functions of muscles except a) stability. b) heat production. c) control of openings. d) secretion. e) respiration. 3) What term best describes the relationship between the pronator teres and supinator? a) Fixators b) Antagonists c) Synergists d) prime movers e) depressors 4) Muscle fibers are arranged in
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Introduction: The cardiovascular system has multiple components that work to ensure an enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles‚ both at rest and during exercise. The objective of this laboratory session was to measure‚ and compare how the cardiovascular system responds to dynamic and isometric exercise. The research question for this lab was “What is the effect of different exercise modalities on the cardiovascular system?”. In response to this research question‚ the following hypothesis was formed
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completed as fast as possible. Elite performers cover the final lap in times of between 10 and 11 seconds. (a) Name the main energy system being used in the final sprint to the finishing line and explain how this system provides energy for the working muscles. (4 marks) (b) At the end of the race‚ the cyclist will be out of breath and will continue to breathe heavily even though they have come to a complete rest. Explain why this breathlessness occurs. (4 marks) ENERGY SOURCES The triathlon is an athletic
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skeletal muscle. 4. Group 4 should become experts on excitation-contraction coupling. 5. Group 5 should become experts on summation and tetanus. 6. Group 6 should become experts on smooth muscle contraction. 7. What are the three types of muscle found in the human body? Where can you find each‚ and what does each do? Cardiac – found in the heart Smooth – internal organs and tubes‚ stomach‚ urinary bladder Skeletal – attached to bones 8. What controls the contraction of the
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