Strategic Thinking in an Oligopoly Presented by: Michael Chai CA(M)‚ CPA‚ CFP‚ MCSM‚ MMIM 1 Oligopolistic concepts/issues: – Duopoly strategic interaction – Cournot Equilibrium – Kinked demand curve – Cartel instability 2 Cournot Model • Interdependence between firms • Max π given what one firm believes the other will produce • Decisions made simultaneously • Firms compete on non-price techniques • Simplest model is a duopoly 3 Numerical example – Duopoly • • • • Assume
Premium Supply and demand Perfect competition Oligopoly
TOPIC 1: MARKET STRUCTURE AND MARKET POWER 1.1. Competitors Anyone that produces a substitute for a firm’s product. - Cross price elasticity: Measures the substitution degree of a product for another. P.E.>1 – The demand is elastic‚ a change in price is reflected as an even major change in demand. The extent of the variation is higher as higher is the substitution degree of a product for another. We can say two firms are competing when a price increase by one firm‚ drives its customers to the other
Premium Pricing Supply and demand Monopoly
ECO 550 Final Exam Answers http://homeworkmonster.com/downloads/eco-550-final-exam-answers/ ECO 550 Final Exam Answers Question 1 The short-run cost function is: Answer where all inputs to the production process are variable relevant to decisions in which one or more inputs to the production process are fixed not relevant to optimal pricing and production output decisions crucial in making optimal investment decisions in new production facilities In a study of banking by asset size over
Premium Economics Pricing Marginal cost
Economics 5315 Fall 1999 Managerial Economics Professor Henderson Final Exam 1. The Zinger Company manufactures and sells a line of sewing machines. Monthly demand for one its most popular models is given by the following relationship: Q = 400 – 0.5P where P is price and Q is quantity demanded. Total costs of production (including a “normal” return on owners’ investment) per month are: C = 20‚000 + 50Q + 3Q2 a. Express total profits (() in
Premium Marginal cost Economics Game theory
industry exhibits oligopoly : 2. Differentiated products 3. Relatively high barriers to entry 4. Strategic behavior • • is used to study strategic behavior 5. Many models to describe oligopoly • Kinked demand curve • Duopoly : Cournot‚ Stakleberg‚ Bertrand • Price leadership (II) STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR (1) Collusive agreements and Cartels Collusive agreements is defined as an agreement between two or more producers to restrict output in order to raise prices and profits
Premium Supply and demand Price elasticity of demand United Arab Emirates
Barriers to entry: In theories of competition in economics‚ barriers to entry are the obstacles and hindrances that make it difficult for a company to enter a given market or industry. The most common barriers to entry include government regulation and economies of scale‚ but nowadays it is increasing for entry barriers to be viewed as a cost. Stigler defined barriers to entry as “A cost of producing which must be borne by a firm which seeks to enter an industry but is not borne by firms already
Premium Economics Supply and demand Microeconomics
(Coordination)‚ Chicken‚ Assurance I Continuous games: best response functions‚ plotting best response functions‚ finding NE‚ mixed strategy NE I Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma: finite/infinite/unknown repetitions‚ Collusion‚ Grim Strategies‚ Tit-for-Tate I Industrial Organisation 1: Monopoly‚ Cournot‚ Stackelberg‚ Homogeneous/Di↵erentiated Bertrand I Industrial Organisation 2: Product di↵erentiation‚ Ice-cream salesman‚ Linear City pricing game‚ R&D races‚ Rent Seeking 4/9 Course Overview I Asymmetric
Premium Economics Game theory
1. Introduction A significant part of economic theory focuses on the assumption of a representative consumer buying a homogeneous good. For example‚ think of the standard Bertrand and Cournot models of oligopoly. Consumers only care about the prices in the market and decide how much of a good to buy and from which firm in order to maximize their utility (given a budget constraint). We know that price competition is fiercer than quantity competition and this result is described by the so called
Premium Economics Marketing Competition
ECON 341 S ECTION B6 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION Summer 2014 Instructor Basak Uysal‚ buysal@econ.rutgers.edu ¸ Office 75 Hamilton Street‚ New Jersey Hall 429‚ College Ave. Campus Meeting Time & Location TTh 6 pm-9.40 pm‚ Voorhees Hall 105‚ College Ave. Campus Office Hours T 3.30 pm-5.30 pm or by appointment Prerequisites Intermediate Microeconomics (01:220:320) and Econometrics (01:220:322) Textbook Industrial Organization: Contemporary Theory and Practice with Economic
Premium Monopoly United States bankruptcy law Oligopoly
In 1893 French economist Joseph Bertrand developed his Bertrand model of competition from his review of Antoine Cournots study of a Spring Water duopoly. His criticism lay with how firms in oligopolies compete. In his model firms compete with prices rather than Cornots quantities. (REFERENCE TO SPANISH JOURNAL) The model consists of two firms who set prices simultaneously and independently (HUGH GRAVIELLE AND AY REES‚ MICROECONOMICES)‚ jean tiral explains this as when one firm sets its price it
Premium Economics Karl Marx Capitalism