benzil. In step three the benzil from step two was to be synthesized tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The benzil and 1‚3-diphenylacetone were mixed with ethanol. After heating this‚ ethanoic KOH was added and the solution was left to reflux. The crystals were washed and collected. This ended the multistep synthesis. The final product was not successfully synthesized due to sources of error during procedures. Therefore‚ a percent yield was unable to be found. The theoretical melting point for
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as sugar cubes or crystals‚ the temperature of the water‚ and the concentration of the solution. Learning that these factors contribute to the rate of dissolving a solute‚ I hypothesize that the increase in water temperature will decrease the dissolving time of the sugar cube and sugar crystal. For this experiment the temperature of the water represents the independent variable. The dependent variable is represented by the dissolving time of the sugar cube and sugar crystal. The amounts of water
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Synthesis of Aspirin and Tylenol Kyla Wykoff Abstract Aspirin and Tylenol were synthesized by means of crystallization‚ recrystallization‚ and melting point determination. Synthesis produced significantly high percent yields for aspirin‚ however‚ produced extremely low and impure percent yields for Tylenol. A second group was also used to compare results and errors‚ in which they too were also producing extremely low percent yields of Tylenol. Therefore‚ error was based on the specific protocol
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a particular physical problem or handicap‚ an expert can lead you through a very mild form of Kriya Pranayama and the corresponding Mudras – and if necessary‚ may recommend that you practice them only mentally. 76 Localization of the Chakras The Chakras
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Weight (grams) Beaker 39.1 grams Beaker + Crystals 41.9 grams Weight of Crystals (Prior to Addition of Ethanol) 2.8 grams Figure 1: This table illustrates the weight of the crystals that were formed before the ethanol was added. 2.8 grams x 5= 14 mL - This is the amount of ethanol that is needed to just dissolve the bromonitrobenzenes at 78.2oC. Weight (grams) Wet Sample of Crystals 1.40 grams Dry Sample of Crystals 0.95 grams Difference Between Wet and Dry Samples
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there would still be impurities present leading to a decreased yield in pure crystals formed. Some crystals may have been lost in the Buchner funnel or when transferring from the funnel to the beaker. Some crystals may have been lost when transferred from the filter paper to the beaker before obtaining the mass of the crystals. I may have also used too much solvent to the acenatilide leading to a smaller recovery of crystals. There may have also been impurities present in the flask used to heat the
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ZERO SCORE Paragraph 1 There are three phases whereby each has a different crystal structure at three different temperatures. At room temperature (298K)‚ Phase III is present whereby Cs3H(SeO4)2 has a crystal structure of a monoclinic with a space group of C2/m. At 400K‚ Phase II is present whereby Cs3H(SeO4)2 has a crystal structure of a monoclinic-A2/a symmetry. At 470K‚ Phase I is present whereby Cs3H(SeO4)2 has a crystal structure of a trigonal with a space group of R3-m. In Phase III‚ as we can
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particles of a crystalline solid are arranged in a definite fashion in the three dimensional space. One such arrangement by representing the particles with points is shown below: Crystal Lattice: A regular arrangement of the constituent particles of a crystal in a three dimensional space is called crystal lattice or space lattice. Unit cell: The smallest three-dimensional portion of a complete space lattice‚ which when repeated over and again in different directions produces the
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University‚ Manila Phillipines College of Pharmacy‚ Adamson University‚ Manila Philippines Date submitted: January 25‚ 2013 Abstract In this experiment we needed again to gain crystals. The increased affinity towards complex formation exhibited by metal ions with an unfilled d-shell is related to the crystal field stabilization of such compounds and furnishes an explanation of what is the basis of the so-called Irving-Williams rule. The orbital degeneracy of the ground term determines the
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Optical Properties of Quasicrystals: Negative Refraction Quasicrystals‚ or crystals that display the unusual property of non-periodicity (while remaining ordered)‚ were discovered in the 1980s by Dan Shechtman. A highly controversial topic‚ Shechtman did not produce a paper describing them for over two years after their discovery. However‚ within the past 30 years‚ the scientific community has come to accept them‚ reproduce them for study‚ and even award Dan Shechtman with a Nobel Prize for their
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