This essay will first look at the meanings of the terms “Decentralization” and “a decentralized education system”. And thereafter highlight the benefits and challenges and relate them to the Zambian education system and finally conclude. “Decentralization is theprocess whereby decision making powers and functions are transferred from the more central structures of the government and its ministries to local level structures...Decentralization is related to the principal of subsidiary function (or subsidiarity)
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CASE: I Playing to a new beat: marketing in the music industry Questions: 1. Discuss the micro and macro forces that are affecting the music industry. Answer : Factors affecting the music industry include the following: • Consumers have created a new value curve for the music industry • Online file sharing and downloading where copyright holders are bypassed has put the traditional business model of the music industry in doubt • Competition for consumers time‚ attention
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Hindustan Unilever Limited is the Indian arm of the Anglo-Dutch company ±Unilever. Both Unilever and HUL have established themselves well in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) category. In India‚ the company offers many households brands like‚ Dove‚ Lifebuoy‚ Lipton‚ Lux‚ Pepsodent‚ Ponds‚ Rexona‚ Sunsilk‚ Surf‚ Vaseline etc. Some of its efforts were also rewarded when four of HUL brands found place in the µTop 10 brands¶ list for the year 2008 published in The Economic Times. Unilever was a result
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Philip Morris promotion of Marlborough cigarettes. Instituted in the 1950’s. the brand moved to and assured that the flavor would be unchanged by the decision of adding a filter. “Come to where the flavor is: Come to Marlboro man‚” Marlboro man was a rugged cowboy smoking Marlboro cigarettes while riding his horse in the outdoors. The ad helped propel Marlboro to the top of the world market Threefold 1) Significant economic advantages. Standardized advertising lowers the cost of value creation
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Title: The battle of the brands: Old Spice vs. Axe. By: Neff‚ Jack‚ Advertising Age‚ 00018899‚ 11/17/2008‚ Vol. 79‚ Issue 43 Database:Communication & Mass Media Complete P&G‚ Unilever claim respective products are up and rival’s are down One of the crowning achievements of the Jim Stengel era at Procter & Gamble Co.‚ at least according to Jim Stengel‚ has been the rebound of Old Spice in the battle for hearts and minds of men. P&G’s former global marketing officer was so impressed with the old-school
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effectiveness and the power of the brand which is about to bring something novel. This ad campaign was also very lucrative when displayed on the hoardings‚ as the theme shows the road and footpath. [pic] After 2 weeks of the launch of teaser‚ Unilever has launched its original product as Lipton Mega Daane. The main advertisement again was with the same theme of road and footpath as previously presented in the teaser. The main advertisement was well articulated and in-line with its teaser so that
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Authority Authority means the legitimate or acceptable use of power. “If an order given by a leader to a member of his group is accepted by the member and controls his activity in the group‚ then the order is said to carry authority” C.I Barnard Authority means the ability to control the behavior of others. Authority is a symbolic reality and it is the ability to influence person’s actions in a desired direction without resorting to force. The most important earthly influence in a person ’s life
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following report aims to add value to a product of Unilever‚ Lynx. Prior to this the company‚ its market place and customer base will be briefly discussed with an extensive analysis on one of its products through the use of the value chain diagram. Implementation of the changes to be made‚ costs of the product and costs to the company will be discussed. Upon completing this the overall perceived value of the changes will be forecasted. Introduction The Unilever Company is a worldwide company with estimated
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Explain why Wisk was not so successful as Ariel Liquid? ‘Wisk’ was the new Unilever brand launched in 1985 and ‘Ariel Liquid’ was the line extension of Procter & Gamble launched in 1987. Wisk was not as successful as Ariel Liquid because – Product positioning: Product Positioning is a practice by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product‚ brand‚ or organization. Wisk was positioned as an innovative robust product whereas Ariel Liquid
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Kimberly Clark is a worldwide leading health and hygiene company‚ and has won global recognition in relation to social and environmental responsibilities. In spite of this recognition‚ the nature of the FMCG industry has hindered the extensive efforts of KCA’s CSR programs and activities. To reduce consumer scepticism and enhance consumer confidence with KCA‚ we have identified key elements instigating reform within their current CSR policies. Despite KCA’s extensive involvement
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