Heart Failure ➢ Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers ➢ (-Blocker ➢ Diuretics ➢ Direct Vasodilators ➢ Inotropic Agents ➢ Aldosterone Antagonists 4) Drug Treatment of Cardiac arrhythmias ➢ Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers) ➢ Class II ((-adrenoreceptor Blockers) ➢ Class III (Potassium Channel Blockers) ➢ Class IV (Calcium Channel Blockers) Antihypertensive Drugs: Diuretics:-
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This paper will cover my experience while in the cardiac catheterization lab during clinical rotations. A 67 year old Caucasian male was emitted for emergent angioplasty with intracoronary stent placement for occlusive myocardial infarction resulting in cardiogenic shock. My paper will detail the medical diagnosis and nursing management of cardiogenic shock. Medical Diagnosis Cardiogenic shock is a term used to describe the heart’s inability to supply enough blood to the organs of the body.
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-Renin/Angiotensin: increases blood flow to nephrons‚ increases urine output‚ Renin= constricts ACE= dilates -ADH: reabsorbs H2O Fluid Imbalances: dehydration/fluid overload -specific gravity: >1.030 urine is concentrated -daily weights -I/O HYPOVOLEMIA Dehydration S/S: -thirst -rapid‚ weak pulse -low BP‚ orthostatic hypotension -dry skin/mucous membranes -skin tenting: adult-chest‚ infant-belly button -decreased urine output -increased temperature -MAP= 65-70 -fatigue‚ lethargy‚ restlessness -cracked
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CHAPTER 3 Maternal Physiology Michael C. Gordon Body Water Metabolism 42 Osmoregulation 43 Salt Metabolism 43 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 43 Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptide 44 Cardiovascular System 44 Heart 44 Cardiac Output 45 Arterial Blood Pressure and Systemic Vascular Resistance 46 Venous Pressure 47 Central Hemodynamic Assessment 47 Normal Changes That Mimic Heart Disease 47 Effect of Labor and the Immediate Puerperium 48 Respiratory System 49 Upper Respiratory
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CARDIOVASCULAR Dsyrhythmias * Etiology * Disturbances in automaticity – initiation of impulse is altered * Disturbances in conduction – alteration in the speed the impulse travels * Reentry of impulses – cardiac tissue is depolarized multiple times by the same impulse * Speed‚ distance and location can be changed or affected (blockages cause change in heart rhythm) * Risk factors * Cardiovascular disease‚ MI * MI – death of tissue – no electricity
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Mortality Rate: 4.1% 5.1 million people in the US have CHF National Cost is $32 billion each year 550‚000 are diagnosed each year. Congestive heart failure (CHF): Clinical Presentation Also known as Heart Failure Impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling action Associated with Cardiovascular diseases Chronic hypertension Coronary artery disease Myocardial infarction Right Sided Heart Failure Left Sided Heart Failure Signs: Murmurs Jugular Venous Distention
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Writing III – Acid-Base Balance Congestive heart failure (CHF) is caused by the inability of the heart to fill correctly‚ eject blood completely‚ or a combination of the two‚ which results in a decrease in cardiac output. Chronic hypertension (CH) is a constantly elevated blood pressure. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) causes a restriction in blood circulation due to atherosclerosis‚ fatty deposits on the inner linings of the arteries that cause a blockage of blood flow; arteriosclerosis‚ loss
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system and pump it through the lungs to be re-oxygenated. The role of the blood vessel (arteries‚ capillaries‚ veins) is to carry blood to and from the bodies‚ tissues and cells. III. ANATOMY OF THE HEART The walls of the heart are composed of cardiac muscle‚ called myocardium. It also has striations similar to skeletal muscle. It consists of four compartments: the right and left atria and ventricles. The heart is oriented so that the anterior aspect is the right ventricle while the posterior aspect
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the transport medium‚ the heart propels oxygen‚ nutrients‚ wastes‚ and other substances to and past the body cells. Page 2. Goals • To review the anatomy of the heart. • To review the pulmonary and systemic circuits. • To review the anatomy of cardiac muscle cells. Page 3‚ 4 & 5. Anatomy Views • Label the diagrams of the heart below: Page 6. Pipes-Pump Analogy • The heart consists of two side by side pumps. The blood vessels are the "pipes" that carry blood throughout the body. The right
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CIRCULATION – The contraction of heart muscle is less effective due to necrotic tissue in the myocardium. Therefore‚ cardiac contractility and cardiac output is impaired. There is a progressive ischaemia because the oxygenated blood is unable to impel in the myocardium due to the damaged ventricle (Wagner & Hardin-Pierce‚ 2014). The heart will compensate for decreased cardiac output from the failing ventricle. Therefore‚ tachycardia will develop as an effect of sympathetic stimulation while hypotension
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