Dennervation hypersensitivity damage to the ANS increases the effector response to stimulation Ganglia a cluster of nerve cell bodies that lie outside the CNS Mass activation Divergence-Preganglionic fibers branch to synapse with numerous postganglionic fibers (up‚ down‚ level) Convergence-Postganglionic fibers receive input from numerous preganglionic fibers Sympathetic system is activated as a unit Sympathoadrenal System the closely related functioning adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous
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Tetralogy of Fallot FranciAnn G Lewandowski Pasco-Hernando Community College Abstract This paper discusses the disease Tetralogy of Fallot. Found within is disease description‚ etiology‚ epidemiology‚ clinical manifestations/signs & symptoms‚ diagnosis of the disease and related lab tests‚ clinical and medical management of the disease including collaborative disciplines‚ and prognosis of living with the disease. There is also a section that describes nursing care‚ complete with NANDA
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variables. Hint: Think about the possible differences between subjects. Height and weight 5. SVR was calculated using values for BP‚ CO‚ and HR. What instrument was used to measure each of the following? 1. Blood pressure: Sphygmomanometer 2. Cardiac output: MRI 3. Heart rate: ECG RESULTS See Table 2: Effect of Exercise on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP‚ SDP)‚ Heart Rate (HR)‚ and Stroke Volume (SV) See Graph: Resting and Early Post-Exercise SBP and DBP 1. Resting and exercising
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Chest Trauma Chest trauma is classified as either blunt or penetrating. 1. Blunt Chest Trauma I. Definition a. Blunt chest trauma results from sudden compression or positive pressure inflicted to the chest wall. Motor vehicle crashes (trauma due to steering wheel‚ seat belt)‚ falls‚ and bicycle crashes (trauma due to handle bars) are the most common causes of blunt chest trauma. II. Pathophysiology Injuries to the chest are often life-threatening and result in one or
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or third-degree atrioventricular block. Sinus bradycardia may be caused by excessive vagal tone‚ decreased sympathetic tone‚ or anatomical changes. It is common in athletes and is relatively benign. It may even be beneficial in acute myocardial infarction (especially inferior). Pathological bradycardia may be symptomatic of a brain tumor‚ digitalis toxicity‚ heart block‚ or vagotonus. Cardiac output
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are some common nursing diagnoses for patients with HTN? (2.5 points) "Knowledge Deficit Related to lack of information about the disease” "Risk for Decreased Cardiac Tissue Perfusion" “Headache related to increase Cerebral Vascular Pressure” "Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output” After the diagnosis of HTN is confirmed with initial studies‚ what further evaluations are necessary? (2.5 points) Why is the registered dietitian important in the multidisciplinary
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Diagnosis: Heart Failure Defined: “An abnormal clinical condition involving impaired cardiac pumping that results in pathophysiologic changes in vasoconstriction and fluid retention” (Lewis‚ Heitkemper‚ Dirksen‚ O’Brien‚ Bucher‚ 2007‚ p. 821). Risk factors: Increasing age and coronary artery disease are the two main risk factors for heart failure. Heart failure may also develop by other contributing risk factors‚ such as cigarette smoking‚ diabetes‚ high cholesterol‚ obesity‚ and hypertension
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time again the importance and dependability of end-tidal carbon dioxide‚ ETCO2‚ in the reading of waveform capnography for medical professionals to verify an advanced airway placement and/or to determine return of spontaneous circulation‚ ROSC‚ in cardiac arrest. Waveform capnography provides objective‚ continuous confirmation of airway location and immediate feedback if advanced tubes are improperly inserted. (Thibeault. 2015).
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produce hypotension by different mechanisms. Chronic use of alpha blockers or beta blockers can lead to hypotension. Beta blockers can cause hypotension both by slowing the heart rate and by decreasing the pumping ability of the heart muscle. Decreased cardiac output despite normal blood volume‚ due to severe
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than it can be removed. Lactic acid is produced when oxygen levels in the body drop. Causes Causes The most common cause is intense exercise. However‚ it can also be caused by certain diseases‚ such as sepsis‚ respiratory failure‚ cardiac failure‚ AIDS‚ cancer‚ and kidney failure. Metformin‚ a common medicine used to treat diabetes‚ can also cause lactic acidosis. People taking this medicine should have their electrolyte levels checked 1 - 2 weeks after starting it. Symptoms
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