WEEK 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology‚ and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. Anatomy: The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans‚ animals‚ and other organisms‚ esp. as revealed by dissection. Physiology: The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. Anatomy and physiology are connected in
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BSC 2093 A&P I Lecture Exam 2 Review Sheet Chapter 5: The Integumentary System Know figure 5.1 Identify the different structures that make up the integument including the dermal layers‚ Sweat and Oil glands‚ and Nerve Corpuscles that exist there Know that Skin accounts for 7% of the body weight (9 11 lbs) Know how to calculate percent skin from a given weight and vice versa. Know the name‚ shape‚ and characteristics of the cell types that exist in the Epidermis Keratinocytes
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human body requires homeostasis to keep a set point at a constant. With feedback loops‚ the internal environment of the body can achieve to keep it at the set point. All homeostatic mechanisms use a feedback loop to inform the body about any changes that occur externally or internally. There are two different kinds of homeostatic mechanisms: a positive feedback mechanism and a negative feedback mechanism. Positive feedback mechanisms boost physiological processes and amplify the system’s action to
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during social occasions‚ but for others addiction to alcohol or alcohol-related illnesses can be a serious health issue. • HYDRATION Alcohol depresses the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)‚ which helps keep you hydrated. Dehydration can lead to electrolyte imbalances (characterized by nausea‚ dizziness and diarrhea) and headaches. • BREASTS As little as one alcoholic drink a day can increase the risk of breast cancer‚ according to a 2009 study in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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Chronic Side effects of chronic cocaine use Cocaine hydrochloride Chronic cocaine intake causes brain cells to adapt functionally to strong imbalances of transmitter levels in order to compensate extremes. Thus‚ receptors disappear from the cell surface or reappear on it‚ resulting more or less in an "off" or "working mode" respectively‚ or they change their susceptibility for binding partners (ligands) – mechanisms called down-/upregulation. However‚ studies suggest cocaine abusers do
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Flushed face Ketonemia & acidosis with blood pH: < 7.3 Serum bicarbonate level < 15 mEq/L Kussmaul Respirations Nausea Vomiting Polyuria Abdominal Pain Fruity Breath Odor (acetone) Electrolyte imbalance If DKA untreated: Possibly Fatal Treatment for DKA IV fluids to treat dehydration & balance electrolytes Insulin to lower blood glucose level & stop production of ketones Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes Medication Insulin Injections Insulin Pump Rapid-Acting Onset:
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The patient is asked about symptoms of DKA‚ such as nausea‚ vomiting‚ and abdominal pain. Laboratory results are monitored for metabolic acidosis (i.e. decreased pH and decreased bicarbonate level) and for electrolyte imbalance. If the patient exhibits signs and symptoms of DKA‚ the nursing care first focuses on treatment of these acute complications‚ as outlined earlier. Once these complications are resolving‚ nursing care then focuses on long-term management of diabetes
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A) The year 2003‚ started off fine and well just like other years‚ but it didn’t last for long. In the month of February‚ came devastating news that shocked the Nation. It was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The disease was contracted by young woman who had holidaying abroad. SARS virus spread rapidly and several fatal cases were reported. Apart from Singapore‚ several other neighbouring countries were also affected by the SARS virus. It was a global epidemic. It was a
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Homeostasis is a mechanism that allows organisms to maintain stable internal conditions (Reece 2014). The capability to perform homeostasis is essential for the survival of all organisms. Homeostatic mechanisms include a range of responses that regulate internal imbalances‚ including body temperature. A vital component of homeostasis is known as thermoregulation‚ the process of maintaining temperatures within a normal range (Reece 2014). When ambient temperatures change‚ animals must control their
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themselves that they are still thin (Morris‚ J. & Twaddle‚ S.‚ 2007). Having anorexia can cause major health issues on top of everything. Due to starvation the heart can be affected‚ irregular heart beat known as sinus bradycardia‚ it also causes dehydration and
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