Determination of the Waters of Crystallisation/ Water of Hydration‚ In Hydrated copper (II) Sulphate Introduction In nature there are some salts that will have water in their crystalline structure. These salts are commonly known as hydrated salts. Hydrated Copper (II) sulphate is one of these‚ as suggested by the use of the word hydrated in its name. Its molecular structure is shown below. The water that is chemically combined into their structure is called the water of crystallisation.
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destroys its lattice structure and the individual cations and anions dissociate through the body of the water. This ionic dissociation results in the surrounding water molecules getting attracted to the released ions (Lewis & Evans‚ 2011) and forming hydration shells. This process is referred to as dissolution (Lower‚ 2013). Sometimes‚ the dissolved ions may collide with each other and recrystallize (Silberberg‚ 2010). According to Reed (2013)‚ if enough salt is added to the water then a saturated solution
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Copper sulphate experiment Introduction There are a number of different methods of making salts‚ such as the reaction of a metal with an acid. Copper metal‚ however‚ does not react with sulphuric acid and so another method must be used. In this experiment a basic copper compound (copper(II) oxide) will be reacted with sulphuric acid giving copper(II) sulphate as one of the products. Method 1. Wear goggles and keep your face away from the beaker during the reaction 2. Place 20 cmm3 sulphuric
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the Enthalpy of a Chemical Reaction All chemical reactions involve an exchange of heat energy; therefore‚ it is tempting to plan to follow a reaction by measuring the enthalpy change (∆H). However‚ it is often not possible to directly measure the heat energy change of the reactants and products (the system). We can measure the heat change that occurs in the surroundings by monitoring temperature changes. If we conduct a reaction between two substances in aqueous solution‚ then the enthalpy of
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Copper Sulphate Calibration Aim The objective of this experiment is to determine the unknown concentrations of solutions. Introduction With the use of absorption of light a spectrophotometer sends UV wavelengths through solutions to determine their concentrations. The light absorbed is measured as the atoms‚ molecules and ions absorb the wavelengths of light that the spectrophotometer gives off (Meah‚2013). The level of light transmitted defines the amount of light absorbed‚ for instance‚ the lower
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THE GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SULFATE Learning Goals. 1. To determine the amount of Sulfate in an Unknown sulphate sample. 2. To perform and develop skills in precipitation Gravimetric method of quantitative analysis. DISCUSSION: Gravimetric analysis is one of the oldest analytical techniques and for this reason is referred to as a "classical method." Gravimetric procedures are usually very accurate‚ but more tedious than other methods. The only major equipment needed
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spectrophotometric analysis of copper sulphate Introduction: In the modern usage. The term spectroscopy includes a large group of techniques which differ widely in their mode of application and information they reveal. As a useful working definition‚ spectroscopy is a study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter in the experiment it means it’s the usage of ultra-light to measure the absorbance of the copper sulpate. The regions of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately adjacent
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Calculating the Enthalpy Change of Reaction for the Displacement Reaction between Zinc and Aqueous Copper Sulphate Data Collection and Processing Observations: * Drops of water left on the inside of the measuring cylinder * Hole in the lid‚ possible escape route for gas or splash-back * The polystyrene cup felt warm during the reaction By extrapolating the graph we can estimate what the rise in temperature would have been if the reaction had taken place instantaneously. I can
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EXPERIMENT 4: QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SULPHATE BY GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS FORMAL REPORT NAME: CHIA KOK SIONG ADMIN NO: 1027325 CLASS: DFST/FT/2B/21 � SYNOPSIS The objective of this experiment is to determine the amount of sulphate by gravimetric analysis. The amount of sulphate is determined quantitatively as barium sulphate‚ BaSO4‚ by gravimetric analysis. For the experiment‚ a dilute solution of barium chloride was slowly added to a hot unknown sulphate solution slightly acidified with
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CHEMISTRY DETERMINATION OF ENTHALPY CHANGE OF NEUTRALIZATION IA Criteria Assessed: DCP CE MS Introduction When an alkali neutralizes an acid‚ a salt and water are formed. Aqueous hydrogen ions (H+(aq)) from the acid react with the hydroxide ions (OH- (aq)) from alkali‚ forming water. The identity of salt will depend on the nature of the acid and alkali used. H+(aq) + OH- (aq) → H2O(L) The combination of H+ and OH- ions in this way releases energy. In this practical‚ the
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