2006 "anesthesia." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment. Bruce E.R. Thompson. Ed. Mary Jo Poole. Detroit: Greenhaven Press‚ 2006. 21. U.S. History In Context. Web. 18 May 2013. In 1846 surgeons began using anesthesia in the forms of ether and chloroform to render patients unconscious prior to surgery. Almost immediately some people began advocating the use of anesthesia in executions as well. An essay to that effect written by G.W. Peck appeared in the American Whig Review in 1848.
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a solvent such as ether is mixed with an aqueous solution of a different pH. This will aid in ionizing the intended compound and separate it from the mixture. Once the molecule is ionized it will precipitate out of the ether solvent and dissolve into the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer can then be removed and the pure substance can be obtained through crystallization. In this week’s lab a mixture of carboxylic acid‚ phenol‚ and a neutral substance were separated from an ether solution. First‚ the
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|mL/g used |Moles used |Density |M.P. |B.P. | |n-butyl bromide |137.02 g/mol | | |1.2686 g/cm3 |-112.4 C |101.6 C | |Anhydrous ether |74.12 g/mol | | |0.7134 g/cm3 |-116.3 C |34.6 C | |Methyl ethyl ketone |72.11 g/mol | | |0.8050 g/cm3 |-86 C |79.64 C
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H2O R-COOH + OH- R-COO- + H2O Organic Acid Insoluble in H2O Conjugate base Soluble in H2O Procedure: A 0.170g sample consisting of a mixture of 0.110g of an unknown neutral compound and 0.060g of benzoic acid was mixed with ether and shaken until all solids dissolved. NaOH was added‚ shaken‚ allowed to separate and the bottom layer removed and transferred to a test tube labeled “NaOH 1st extract”.
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LAB REPORT ANDREW O. BAAFI Organic Chemistry I Lab. Instructor: Dr. Strange 09-24-01 TITLE: Preparation of Isopentyl Acetate (isoamyl acetate) / Gas Chromatography (Esterification). REFERENCE: Fischer‚ W. H.‚ A. G. Craig. “Microscale Esterification of Peptides and Analysis by MALDI-MS.” http://www.salk.edu/LABS/pbl/brukeran1.htm. 10-02-2001 Mayo‚ Dana W‚ Pike Ronald M‚ Trumper Peter K. Microscale Organic Laboratory. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley & Sons‚ 1994. Strange De Soria‚ Louise. Chemistry
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CHAPTER 10 Liquids and Solids 1. Order the intermolecular forces (dipole-dipole‚ London dispersion‚ ionic‚ and hydrogen-bonding) from weakest to strongest . a) dipole-dipole‚ London dispersion‚ ionic‚ and hydrogen-bonding b) London dispersion‚ dipole-dipole‚ hydrogen-bonding‚ and ionic c) hydrogen-bonding‚ dipole-dipole‚ London dispersion‚ and ionic d) dipole-dipole‚ ionic‚ London dispersion‚ and hydrogen-bonding e) London dispersion‚ ionic‚ dipole-dipole‚ and hydrogen-bonding Ans: b 2. Hydrogen
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Rgt/Pdt | Structure | Physical Properties | Hazards | acetone | | Physical State: LiquidAppearance: colorlessBoiling Point: 56.20CMelting Point: -95.30CDensity: 0.79 g/cm3 | Causes eye and skin irritation. May cause central nervous system depression. May cause liver and kidney damage. Causes respiratory tract irritation. Extremely flammable. | aniline | | Physical State: LiquidAppearance: oily - colorlessBoiling Point: 1840CMelting Point: -60CDensity: 1.0216 g/cm3 | Combustible. Hazardous in
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Steam Distillation of Lemongrass Oil I. Introduction When a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene is distilled‚ the boiling point of these two miscible liquids is between the boiling points of each of the pure components. By contrast‚ if a mixture of benzene and water (Immiscible liquids) is distilled‚ the boiling point of the mixture will be found below the boiling point of each pure component. Since the two liquids are essentially insoluble in each other‚ the benzene molecules in a droplet of
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“sweet vitriol” and discovered in 1275‚ ether was originally used for medicinal purposes as a common anaesthetic but quickly became a favourite substitute for whisky. After drinking a glass of water‚ people would take one drop of ether whilst holding their noses and slamming down another glass of water. This was considered the best way of consuming ether at the time; it’s so volatile that it needs to be washed down to prevent it evaporating. Not only was the ether cheaper than whisky‚ at one penny per
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The carbon recovery in the heavy oil is 55.3‚ 72.8‚ and 64.7% in ethanol‚ acetone‚ and ether‚ respectively. Acetone contributed to the highest carbon recovery (72.8%) in the heavy oil‚ while ether transferred 18.3% of carbon into the char. The highest carbon recovery might be due to the promoting demethoxylation and anti-promoting dealkyltaion features of polar aprotic solvent (acetone). Esterification
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