Title: Operational Amplifier‚ OP-AMP Abstract: In the experiment‚ the application involving the operational amplifier was investigated. A ±15volts voltage is supplied to the op-amp. The 15volts also the working ranges for the op-amp. There are two basic op-amp circuit‚ inverting and non-inverting amplifier. For an ideal op-amp‚ the voltage gain of the circuit is the function of ratio of resistor. There are also other configuration investigated like the buffer amplifier which has the same input
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gain of AV = -5. Assume the op-amp is driven by a sinusoidal source‚ vS = 0.1 sin t volts‚ which has a source resistance of RS = 1 kΩ and which can supply a maximum current of 5 µA. Assume that frequency is low‚ which means that any frequency effects can be neglected. 2) An op-amp with a t-network is to be used as a preamplifier for a microphone. The maximum microphone output voltage is 12 mVrms and the microphone has an output resistance of 1 kΩ. The op-amp circuit is to be designed such
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Diffusion is the process by which a particular phenomenon --- such as a contagious disease‚ a technological innovation or even an idea --- is spread from person to person over a period of space and time. One method of diffusion is known as expansion diffusion‚ which is broken down into three distinct types. Expansion Diffusion * Strictly defined‚ expansion diffusion is the process of spreading something from one place to another in an ever-expanding "snowballing" process. Expansion diffusion
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Application Report ABSTRACT “Broadbanding” operational amplifier modules – replaced with discussion of uncompensated operational amplifiers. •= Open loop applications and Comparators – Applications showing an operational amplifier used open loop‚ as a comparator have been deleted. At the time of original publication‚ there were no dedicated comparator components. Good design techniques now dictate using a comparator instead of an operational amplifier. There are ways of safely using
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a semi-permeable membrane is the process of osmosis. If there is a solute and a solvent‚ each containing different concentration levels‚ then the water would move along its concentration gradient until each side of the membrane are equal. The water moves because the membrane is impermeable to the solute and the solute concentrations may differ on either side of the membrane. Water molecules may move in and out of the cell‚ but there is no net diffusion of water. Water will move in one direction or
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Purpose: To see the effects of tonicity’s on potato cells. Background: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane due to concentration differences. Tonicity is the concentration of solutes. The potato cell has 3% of dissolved materials. Hypertonic is when the solution has more dissolved materials outside the cell than inside. The cell will lose water this way and shrink. The potatoes in the 5% salt solution will shrink. Hypotonic is when there is less solute dissolved
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A summary of Diffusion of Innovations Les Robinson Fully revised and rewritten Jan 2009 Diffusion of Innovations seeks to explain how innovations are taken up in a population. An innovation is an idea‚ behaviour‚ or object that is perceived as new by its audience. Diffusion of Innovations offers three valuable insights into the process of social change: - What qualities make an innovation spread successfully. - The importance of peer-peer conversations and peer networks.
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Osmosis in Plants Outline: To investigate the effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of a given size. Definition - Osmosis: Movement of a solvent (liquid) through a semi-permeable membrane separating solutions of different concentrations. The solvent passes from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution until the two concentrations are equal. All
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Experiment for the measurement of carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations and their functions during the act of breathing. Introduction: Humans‚ like all living organisms need‚ O2 in order to live‚ they take the necessary O2 from the atmospheric air. The O2 is transferred from the blood to all cells of the body and serves for oxidation of nutrients for example glucose. By oxidize the nutrients released energy‚ which is necessary for the functions of the human body. During oxidation produces
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Scientific Paper on Diffusion 2 ABSTRACT The effect of molecular weight on the rate of diffusion was assessed using two tests: the glass tube test and the agar-water gel test. In the glass tube set-up‚ two cotton plugs soaked in two different substances (HCl and NH4OH) were inserted into the two ends of the glass tube. The substance with the lighter molecular weight value (NH4OH‚ M = 35.0459 g/mole) diffused at a faster rate (dAve = 25.8cm)‚ resulting in the formation of a white ring around the
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