MY PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING The text “brains in a vat” talks about representation as reference with intent. It argues that referring to ‘anything as anything’ is not representation unless it is done with intention. This is explained‚ one may refer to an object through words‚ however‚ it is necessary to have the mental image of that object so that the words become a representation of the object. This characteristic of intentionality is consistent in our thoughts (it allows us to refer one thing
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4. Directorate of CPE‚ “The VAT Options‚” The Charted Accountant (April‚ 1998). 5. Kumar‚ Ravi‚ “Value Added Tax Issues and Concerns‚” The Charted Accountant (September 2002). 6. Mukerjee‚ Dilip Kumar‚ “introducing Value Added Tax in India‚ The Management Accountant (April 2003). 7. Dhand‚ Vipin‚ “Revenue will Fall‚” The Tribune (April 16‚ 2003). 8. Grawal‚ N.S. “Inspector Raj to Go‚ The Tribune (April 16‚ 2003). 9. The Competition Master‚ “VAT or Not to VAT: The Dilemma of Value Added Tax
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challenge presented by the Brain-in-a-Vat hypothesis‚ in this essay I will assess whether Moore offers an adequate response presented by the hypothesis or not. The brain-in-a-vat hypothesis is essentially questioning whether there is an external world and how we can be sure of this. My thesis is that G.E. Moore’s ‘proof of an external world’ does offer an adequate response to the sceptical challenge presented by the Brain-in-a-Vat hypothesis. The Brain-in-a-Vat hypothesis is more comparable to a thought
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scepticism about the external world. The Brain in the vat argument is centred on a hypothesis that claims that there is a possibility that our senses in relation to the external world are deceived by some sort of a system. He argues that nothing in this world exists except the self and the evil genius that exists solely to deceive us (Scepticism and content externalism‚ 2012). Putnam however argues against his own hypothesis of brain in a vat‚ by saying that the claim is “self-refuting”‚ (Putnam
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Nigeria Introduction Value Added Tax (VAT) was introduced in Nigeria in 1993 but became effective on 1 January 1994. VAT replaced the Sales Tax. VAT is governed by the Value Added Tax Act‚ Chapter V1‚ Laws of the Federation of Nigeria (LFN) 2004. The tax is administered by the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS). Rates and scope Rates The standard VAT rate on goods and services is 5%. Value for VAT purposes includes customs duties‚ taxes‚ commission‚ transport‚ insurance and other charges
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The Brain-in-a-Vat hypothesis is a notion that originates from epistemology: a branch of philosophy that investigates the nature and limitations of human knowledge. More specifically‚ the hypothesis comes from a subset of epistemology called‚ skepticism. Skepticism questions the possibility of certainty in knowledge. It has become a well-accepted theory in the mind of the skeptic that knowledge consists of one’s beliefs that are both true and infallibly justified. Throughout this essay you will find
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.............. 1 The economy of Pakistan - Moving towards VAT: ...................................................................................... 2 GST & VAT:................................................................................................................................................. 2 Why GST has not been successful in Pakistan and why will VAT be successful: ................................... 2 Advantages of VAT: .........................................................
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PROJECT REPORT ON Macroeconomic impact of implementation of vat in Odisha PREPARED & SUBMITTED BY MR. SAGAR NAYAK U212049 ABSTRACT Value added tax (VAT) is a type of indirect tax that is imposed on goods and services. A question that arises is whether value added tax has been a boon or misery for a developing country like India. Around 136 countries in Asia have recognized the importance of value added tax. In one of the most large scale reforms of the country’s public finances in
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Sunday 1st April 1973‚ the day the United Kingdom (UK) joined the European Union (EU). One prerequisite of joining the EU was the imposition of some form of Value Added Tax (VAT). The switch from purchase tax to VAT was a relatively quiet changeover ’ and in retrospect concealed the birth of the animal ’ (Lawrence et al 1999‚ pg. 2). The animal that Lawrence et al speak of is one of growing complexity and complication in its mass of legislation and litigation‚ and one that stems from a common
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Australia can be said as a success. GERMANY Germany imposed Value-added Tax System (VAT) which is also known as Umsatzsteuer. It is a tax on transaction. Companies added VAT on their goods and services provided which will be chargeable on the end user of a product on the consumer. The current rate for VAT is 19 % and food‚ magazine and book are taxed on a lower rate which is 7 %. One of the complaints about VAT is that it is a regressive tax. It taxed on the community by making private goods more
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