of Bonds Fixed rate bonds have a coupon that remains constant throughout the life of the bond. A variation are stepped-coupon bonds‚ whose coupon increases during the life of the bond. Zero-coupon bonds (zeros) pay no regular interest. They are issued at a substantial discount to par value‚ so that the interest is effectively rolled up to maturity (and usually taxed as such). The bondholder receives the full principal amount on the redemption date. High-yield bonds (junk bonds) are bonds that
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1. Iron (IIII) and copper (II) sulfate solution Fill a small test tube halfway with copper (II) sulfate solution. Add a 2.0 gram iron rod to the solution and observe the reaction. 2 Fe + 3 CuSO4 = 3 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 The new product is iron (III) sulfate‚ it contains the Fe 3+ ion which is brown. Lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide solutions Pour about 2.0 mL of lead (II) nitrate into the test tube. Add 5 to 10 drops of potassium iodide solution to the test tube and record your observations
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Topic 5 – Bonding and Structure Revision Notes 1) Introduction • Atoms form bonds to get a full outer shell of electrons • There are three types of bonding: ionic‚ covalent and metallic • The structures produced by forming bonds are either giant or simple • The possible combinations of structure and bonding are giant ionic‚ simple covalent‚ giant covalent and giant metallic • Simple covalent is sometimes called simple molecular • Giant covalent is sometimes called giant
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calculate the enthalpy change of neutralization of the given pairs of acid and base. Theory: When alkali neutralizes an acid‚ a salt and water are formed. Aqueous hydrogen ions‚ H+(aq) from the acid react with the hydroxide ions‚ OH-(aq) from the alkali‚ forming water. Ionic equation: H+ (aq)+OH- (aq) → H2O (l) The identity of the salt will depend on the nature of the acid and alkali used. The combination of H+ and OH- ions in this way releases energy. In this practical‚ the enthalpy changes accompanying
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main advantages and disadvantages of CAT bonds compared to (re)insurance from the perspective of the party seeking protection. The first main advantage of CAT bond compared to reinsurance‚ in terms of the party seeking protection‚ the Sponsor‚Munich Re in our case‚ is that CAT bond ‚which is Queen Street II Captial Ltd in our case ‚allows the Munich Re to transfer the catastrophe risks (North Atlantic U.S.hurricane and European windstorms) to the CAT bond investors via SPRV‚ Queen Street II Capital
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http://www.kewpid.com 1. Fossil fuels provide both energy and raw materials such as ethylene‚ for the production of other substances 1) Construct word and balanced chemical equations of chemical reactions as they are encountered • Methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water • CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 2) Identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from refining of petroleum Generally‚ demand for petrol exceeds supply produced from fractional distillation
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Chemistry Ozone Depletion Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth’s stratosphere (the ozone layer)‚ and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone over Earth’s polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as theozone hole. In addition to these well-known stratospheric phenomena‚ there are also springtime polartropospheric ozone depletion events. The
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Abstract By adding HCl to 2-methyl-2-butanol‚ through the Sn1 mechanism‚ 2-chloro-2-methylbutane is formed. Water‚ sodium bicarbonate and NaCl(aq) were then added to the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane to remove any of the excess water from the reaction. To confirm‚ a successful reaction‚ AgNO3 was added to the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. A white precipitate formation confirmed a successful Sn1 reaction. Introduction Nucleophilic substitution reactions such as Sn1 and Sn2 allow us to convert one functional
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respectively? (3 marks) (b) Draw a diagram to illustrate the manufacturing system of the industry shown in photo A. (4 marks) (c) Describe and explain the characteristics of these three industries. (i) Photo A (3 marks) (ii) Photo B (3 marks) (iii) Photo C (in tradition) (3 marks) (d) How do personal factors affect the location of industries? (2 marks) ## (a) Photo A: Textile industry; Photo B: Dairy industry; Photo C: Iron and steel industry (b) (c) (i) Textile industry
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Reactions Contents Introduction 3 Materials & Procedure 4 Raw Data 8 Processed Data 15 Graphs 16 Conclusion & Evaluation 17 Introduction Background Information Stoichiometry is a critical component in chemistry‚ and helps in understanding the quantitative relationship between the number of moles of reactants and products in a reaction. Objective In this experiment‚ the reactions between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid‚ and sodium hydroxide and
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