May 1‚ 2013 Enzymes as Drug Targets Enzymes are defined as any of numerous proteins produced in living cells that accelerate or catalyze the metabolic processes of an organism. Enzymes are usually very selective in the molecules that they act upon‚ called substrates‚ often reacting with only a single substrate. The substrate binds to the enzyme at a location called the active site just before the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme takes place. Enzymes can speed up chemical reactions by up to a
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Biology Lab Report - Movement in and out of cells (4A) Shiang Chen Ting (24) Sec 313 Introduction The aim of this experiment is to explore the factors which affect the movement of materials in and out of the cells. The dark red or purple colour of Beetroots is caused by a pigment called betalain that is found within the vacuole of the beetroot cells. The pigment remains intact within the cell if the cells are not “stressed” by the external environment. In this exploration‚ two factors that affect
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Enzymes are biological catalysts or assistants that consist of various types of proteins that work to drive the chemical reaction required for a specific action or nutrient. They can either launch a reaction or speed it up. Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The catalase used in this experiment will come from five different sources: Spinacia
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investigating how the rate of reaction differs when we change the concentration of Hydrochloric Acid whilst reacting with Magnesium. The rate of reaction is explained by the Collision Theory. This theory explains how various factors affect the reaction rates and how chemical reactions occur. The 4 factors of the Collision Theory are: • Temperature • Concentration • Surface area • Catalyst I am investigating how different concentrations of acids affect the rate of reaction. However I must control
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The Effect of the Changes in the Environment to the Functionality of the Enzymes Introduction a. Background In our everyday lives‚ enzymes are used in our bodies‚ and in nature around us‚ to speed up the chemical reactions happening constantly‚ which happens by lowering the amount of activation energy needed to start various reactions. The way this works is by attaching the particular substrate to the active site of the enzyme‚ where it will start to aid the chemical reaction. Then‚ the allosteric
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Enzyme Catalase Activity in Reaction with the Substrate Hydrogen Peroxide Abstract We performed these experiments to observe the effects of enzymes on the rate of reactions. We tested and compared the activity of the enzyme catalase on the substrate H2O2 in various states and percentages‚ and observed the absorption values of the enzyme-substrate relationship at different concentrations. Our results show that the more substrate available‚ the quicker the reaction will happen except in one test
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Abstract Enzymes are catalysts to ensure homeostasis in the body [2]. Homeostasis is the tendency to maintain the internal environment [2]. Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent that can be decomposed by catalase [11]‚ the liver is able to decompose hydrogen peroxide enzymatically because it contains catalase [12]. The reaction rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction under the effect of changes in temperature was tested in this experiment. It was hypothesised that the fastest reaction rate would occur
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Investigate temperature change during a neutralization reaction Introduction: When an alkali neutralizes an acid‚ a salt and water are formed. Aqueous hydrogen ions (H+(aq)) from the acid react with the hydroxide ions (OH-(aq)) from the alkali‚ forming water. For hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide: H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + H2O(l) Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid Sodium Chloride Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide Neutralization
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structure of the enzyme is mainly dependent on the active site and variable groups. Extreme temperatures or extreme pHs can alter the structure of an enzyme. Enzymes function to lower the activation energy to break the bonds. They achieve this by putting stress and pressure on the bonds or creating a microenvironment for the substrate. Enzymes are regulated by inhibitors or activators and can be inhibited by the products of the reaction‚ called feedback inhibition. Enzymes are catalytic proteins;
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purpose of laboratory assignment 3 was to measure the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place. For the purpose of this lab we measured the rate a balanced oxidation/reduction reaction between iodine‚ hydrogen‚ and bromate ion occurs. The above reaction occurs slowly so we used a coupled iodine clock reaction to measure the rate of the oxidation/reduction reaction because it occurs much faster but is still dependent upon the other reaction. To accomplish this‚ two mixtures were prepared in separate
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