crystalline surfaces including both atomic structures and electron arrangement. The STM tip produced in this experiment acts as a needle that hovers above the crystalline material surfaces (perfect atomic structural patterns) with nanoscale accuracy‚ while emitting electrons from a few nanometers above the surface of the crystalline materials‚ utilizing the quantum tunneling effect to scan the surface atoms and electrons. In classical physics; electrons would not be able to pass through certain conductive
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3) written assignment This written assignment covers assessment criteria 5 and 6 The Photoelectric effect‚ and the Production of Light In 1887 Hertz discovered the photoelectric effect‚ where electrons were emitted from a zinc surface when illuminated with ultra-violet light. These electrons (called ‘photoelectrons’) were only emitted when the frequency of the ultra-violet light was above a certain value (called the ‘threshold frequency’). Criteria 5c Assume that ultra-violet light is falling
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Mass Stopped by Alpha 2 protons 2 neutrons +2 Large Paper Beta Electron formed with neutron inside -1 Small Aluminum Gamma Electromagnetic wave 0 Tiny Lead 4) Open folder ‘ionisation’ and watch the video. Look closely at the particles emitted by the source at the end of the animation - what type of emission is this? Explain how these particles can cause an electric current to travel through air. An electron will be taken from the surface which is attracted to the positive plate
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1. How is electricity produced? The most simple way of producing static ekectricity is by rubbing or friction. When you rub two different kind of materials that are insulator‚ you can transfer electrons from one substance to another. Nowadays‚ to create electricity we use battery and generators. Voltage can be made by heart‚ light or mechanical pressure. http://science.howstuffworks.com/electricity-info2.htm 2. Where and how is electricity used? Electricity gives us ability to produce
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inside them. The electrons carry negative charge and the protons carry positive charge. The basic unit of charge (called the elementary charge)‚ is the amount of charge carried by one electron. The charge on a single electron is qe = 1‚ 6x10−19 C. All other charges in the universe consist of an integer multiple of this charge (i.e. Q = nqe). This is known as charge quantisation. All the matter and materials on earth are made up of atoms. Some materials allow electrons to move relatively freely
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Fluorescence Microscope- 2-D or 3-D‚ allows us to visualize fluorescent dyes. 4. Transmission Electron Microscope- it shoots a bean of electrons through a sample‚ and it collects whatever passes through. -It can do a million fold magnifications. 2-D images‚ visualize down to 2nm(nanometers) 1mm=1000mm(micrometers) 1mm=1000nm 5. Scanning Electron Microscope- Functions in a similar function to a transmission electron microscope> 3-D images‚ 3-20 nm in size. What does it mean to be alive? All living
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XRD – X-Ray Diffraction X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful non-destructive technique for characterizing crystalline materials. It provides information on structures‚ phases‚ preferred crystal orientations (texture)‚ and other structural parameters‚ such as average grain size‚ crystallinity‚ strain‚ and crystal defects. X-ray diffraction peaks are produced by constructive interference of a monochromatic beam of X-rays scattered at specific angles from each set of lattice planes in a sample. The
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with special relativity to describe the behavior of an electron‚ he found that the solutions of the equation which showed that if matter is created from energy then an equal amount of antimatter is also created. For example‚ the equation‚ X squared equals four can have two possible solutions (X equals two) or (X equals negative two.) Dirac’s equation proves two possible solutions‚ one for an electron with positive energy‚ and one for an electron with negative energy. This showed that for every proton
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able to appear because an excited electron was unstable and had to fall back to a more stable energy level‚ creating energy in the form of light. However‚ to understand this‚ one must understand what causes an electron to be excited. So from the very beginning‚ a person named Max Plank proposed a theory that energy is emitted and absorbed in quantities called “quanta.” Einstein then came along and said that light contained quanta energy called “photons.” Electrons that are present in atoms are on
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light hits it. Classical mechanics says that electrons will be emitted from a metal by light waves with any frequency as long as the intensity of the light is strong enough‚ and even if it is weak over a long enough period of time electrons will eventually be emitted. The theory was proved incorrect after experiments showed that light under certain frequencies did not produce the photoelectric effect on the metal‚ which meant that the emitting of electrons is related not to intensity but the waves
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