In 1794‚ Eli Whitney invented a simple machine called the cotton gin. The main purpose of this machine was to automatically separate the cotton fibers from the seeds. Similar machines already existed for long-staple cotton‚ but they did not work with short-staple cotton. The basic concept was the same‚ using brushes to separate the two parts of the cotton. Whitney’s design‚ however‚ used spiked teeth to pull the fibers from the seed more effectively than previous machines. Whitney’s cotton gin only
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as long as something brings in much pleasure compared to the suffering then it is right. Lottery is said to bring much more happiness than the pain it causes the poor who buy tickets and loose at the end of the day because the collective amount of money from lottery tickets is then forwarded to charities‚
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Utilitarianism and Aristotelian Ethics John Stuart Mill and Aristotle are two of the most notable philosophers in history to date. Between Mill’s Utilitarianism and Aristotle’s virtue ethics you can see a large portion our cultures ethics today. Their philosophies are apparent in contemporary everyday life. Aristotle has written several pieces on virtue and friendship. The two most notable works being the Magna Moralia and the Eudemian Ethics. However‚ his Nicomachean Ethics were by far the
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1. Explain Onora O’neil’s argument for preferring Kantian ethics to Utilitarianism. 2. How would Richard Taylor respond to O’neil’s defense of Kantianism? In the following questions‚ Onora O’neil defends Kantian ethics while Richard Taylor agrees more with the Utilitarian ethics view. To fully understand both views and why each author defends their view‚ a brief introduction of each author and who they are is necessary. Onora O’neil is a philosophy professor at Cambridge University
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We’ve seen that rule utilitarianism solves four out of five of the problems afflicting act utilitarianism. This isn’t bad. But does it have any problems of its own? I think it does‚ and I think the problems are related to the two questions that rule utilitarian would have us ask in order to assess the moral worth of any action. A Problem with Question 1 As we’ve seen‚ the first question rule utilitarianism has us ask is “What general rule would I be following if I did this particular action?”
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The textile industry in the US took off with Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin in 1793 (http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu). This caused the expansion of the cotton economy (normally slave-based) that could provide raw materials to make the cloth‚ mechanical spinning frames and the development of techniques to catch water power‚ it also gave way to the growth of spinning mills (http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu). Over time and successful competition with British textiles the “Waltham-Lowell system” with
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have some key concepts which point to what the good ultimately is: egoism‚ utilitarianism‚ and deontology. Egoism values the desires of the individual the most‚ and this is most important to the individual. Utilitarianism‚ on the other hand‚ needs to be impartial in order to value each individual’s happiness equally. Deontology also conflicts with both of these other theories because it is not consequentialist like utilitarianism‚ and does not always benefit the individual or anyone else involved. The
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Consequentialists are a group of philosophers who asses whether an act is right or wrong based on the consequences of the action. There are different types of consequentialism including: ethical egoism‚ act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism. These three branches of consequentialism will be discussed later in this paper. A supererogatory act is something that is good but is not obligatory; these acts involve rendering aid to others that go above moral requirement. Consequentialists claim that
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The prominant criticism of Utilitarianism is that it is extremely hard to predict the results of an action. The outcomes of all situations are hard to predict‚ so how can we possibly apply the rule of the greatest happiness for the greatest number if we do not know who will benefit most? It is also difficult to decide whether an outcome is morally good or bad. People have contrasting opinions on what they think is right or wrong and it depends on the individual who is making the decision. This causes
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Utilitarianism and the Lonesome Stranger Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that believes one should do what will promote the greatest utility for as many people as possible‚ that utility is often considered to be happiness or pleasure. There are different kinds of utilitarian views; hedonistic‚ preference‚ rule‚ and act to name a few‚ but they all have the same main objective. This theory does indeed seem good at first‚ but it is flawed. The case of the lonesome stranger challenges utilitarianism
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