they appeared around 3.5 billion year ago and the Eukaryotic appear around 2.1 billion year after (Campbell Essential Biology‚ 2012). The eukaryotic structure consists of the following organelle which includes mitochondria‚ chloroplast‚ the endoplasmic reticulum‚ the Golgi apparatus‚ lysosomes and nucleus. These organelles perform a specific function that help the cell survive. The organelles are separated from the rest of the cellular space by a membrane; it is like having a separated room in a home
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You are an amino acid in the lumen of the small intestine of a newborn mammal. You are looking at intestinal epithelial cells that bring important maternal proteins (immunoglobulins) across their apical surfaces by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Your ambition is to be part of a receptor that does that job. A. beginning from the challenge of entering the cell‚ until you have been loaded onto an appropriate tRNA. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Within the small intestine
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Let re-learn some stuff and earn some points back. These are questions missed by most of you on the exam. You can only earn up to a maximum of 120 points total (your exam 1 score + what you earned here). One point per correctly answered question (20 points) 1. Oxidative phosphorylation requires all of the items listed below except a. ATP synthase in the correct position in the membrane. b. The flow of electrons from NADH to protein in the membrane. c. A matrix more positively charged
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Organelle |Function |Location | | |Cell (plasma) membrane |Composed of proteins and a bilayer of lipid. |Outermost boundary of cell (animal) | | |Holds the contents of the cell in place. | | | |Regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell using the |
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bonds b/w polar groups in the polypeptide backbone Repeated pattern of coiling or folding w/in a polypeptide chain Q7: additional hydrogen atoms can be added to saturated fats‚ a process called hydrogenation-FALSE Endoplasmic reticulum: Endoplasmic = within the cytoplasm‚ reticulum = “little net” Atoms: Nucleus= protons (+) and neutrons ( ) Surrounding nucleus = electrons (-) Ions: unequal number of protons and electrons -Cation = more protons than electrons (+ charge) -Anion = more electrons
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aerobic respiration and photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. Include in your discussion the major reactions‚ the end products‚ and energy transfers. Cell 1994: Discuss how cellular structures‚ including the plasma membrane‚ specialized endoplasmic reticulum‚ cytoskeletal elements‚ and mitochondria‚ function together in the contraction of skeletal muscle cells. 1992: A laboratory assistant prepared solutions of 0.8 M‚ 0.6 M‚ 0.4 M‚ and 0.2 M sucrose‚ but forgot to label them. After
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system which takes in nutrients‚ it then Endoplasmic Reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is connected to the outer of the two nuclear membranes and consists of a series of interconnected membranes. The endoplasmic reticulum acts as a manufacturing and packaging system. It also possesses and packages lipid and proteins Important in the production of Lysosomes Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus work together with the endoplasmic reticulum. the endoplasmic reticulum products are chemically modified and sorted
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the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false? A) The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production. B) The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum. C) The Golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum. D) The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory. Points Earned: 0.5/0.5 Correct Answer(s): A 6. Intermediate filaments A) guide the movements of organelles
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breaks down glycogen B) is a protein involved in the direct phosphorylation of ADP C) stores oxygen in muscle cells D) produces the end plate potential C) What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage? A) sarcoplasmic reticulum B) mitochondria C) intermediate filament network D) myofibrillar network A) What does oxygen deficit represent?
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fiber‚ called the sarcolemma‚ has indentations along its surface called transverse tubules‚ which allow electrical transmissions to enter deep within the fiber. This is important‚ as these impulses need to reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum‚ which is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum unique to muscle cells. This structure is responsible for the storage and release of calcium‚ which we learned is the key chemical that makes our muscles contract. The cytoplasm of the muscle cell‚ called the sarcoplasm‚ is rich
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