A Tour of the Cell Overview: The Importance of Cells • All organisms are made of cells. o Many organisms are single-celled. o Even in multicellular organisms‚ the cell is the basic unit of structure and function. • The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. • All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells. Concept 2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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Biochemistry- The Basics An Atom is the basic unit of a chemical element ( smallest unit for measuring chemical & physical properties) Smallest particle of an element is an atom A Particle is a small portion of matter Matter is composed of elements___ Matter makes up everything in the universe. An Element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. ex. carbon‚ hydrogen‚ etc A molecule is a group of atoms bounded together ex O2 A chemical compound
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insulin‚ the messenger RNA transcript is translated into an inactive protein called preproinsulin. Preproinsulin contains an amino-terminal signal sequence that is required in order for the precursor hormone to pass through the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for post-translational processing. The post-translational processing clips away those portions not needed for the bioactive hormone. Upon entering the ER‚ the preproinsulin signal sequence‚ now useless‚ is proteolytically removed to form
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all use the energy from the mitochondria to preform their functions. With no energy the nucleus wouldn’t have enough energy to direct and control the cell‚ the ribosomes wouldn’t be able to make proteins‚ if no proteins are being made‚ the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies would have no proteins to transport throughout the cell. The cells that make up the tissue would die‚ if the tissues died the organ would fail‚ if one organ fails it leads the whole organ system to die‚ and eventually the
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the structure of the nucleus. 15. Explain the structure and function of the mitochondria. 16. What function does the cell wall perform in a plant? 17. What similarities do mitochondria and chloroplasts share? 18. Describe how the endoplasmic reticulum‚ mitochondrion and Golgi apparatus are structurally similar. 19. Medicine‚ alcohol and many drugs are detoxified in liver cells. Why do you think the liver cells of some people who abuse alcohol and drugs have an increased amount
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Targets can be divided into four categories… Ion Channels Their modulation by drugs is very important mechanism by which pharmacological actions are produced . 1. Voltage gated Na2+ channels ( local anesthetic) 2. Calcium channels ( Ca2+ channel blockers) 3. K+ channels ( in pancreatic β-cells) Enzymes * Many enzymes are targets for drugs * Drug molecules can act as competitive inhibitor of the enzyme e.g. neostigmine acting
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magnification‚ resolution and contrast II. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells III. Know parts of the cells‚ their structure and function A. The nucleus B. Ribosomes C. Endomembrane system 1. Nuclear envelope 2. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) a. Rough ER-has ribosomes b. Smooth ER-lacks ribosomes 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuoles a. food vacuole b. contractile vacuole c. central vacuole 6. Plasma membrane D. Mitochondria
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In Crash Course video number four you learn animal cells and how they operate more like a city. Hank calls this city Eukaryopolis- The city of animal cells. He also goes over what each part of the cell and how the animal cells are responsible for different things that happen in our body. The very start of video starts off comical by showing you the difference between what an animal is and is not. Then it goes on to explain that why a eukaryotic because they have a “true kernel‚ meaning good nucleus
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cells are important in killing virally infected cells. Virus begins to replicate and viral proteins accumulate in the infected cell. Some of these proteins are degraded by host cell machinery and the peptide fragments are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum‚ where they combine with newly synthesized MHC I molecules. 9 The MHC I molecules loaded with foreign viral antigens now find their way to the surface of the cell. The infected cell also begins to produce and secrete α-interferon. This notifies
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The Importance of Calcium Ions Alyssa Foels 12 February 2015 Kilfe Calcium is a cation‚ a positively charged atom‚ and it is essential to all living things. It was first discovered in 1808 by Humphrey Davy. When forming an ionic bond with other elements‚ calcium loses electrons to make its valence shell stable. This means that it has more protons than electrons‚ making it have a slight positive charge (Calcium). Calcium has many roles and functions in the human body. Calcium ions are the
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