18. The individual flattened stacks of membrane material inside the chloroplast are known as ___. c) thylakoids. 19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. b) stroma 20. The chloroplast contains all of these except ___. e) endoplasmic reticulum 21. The chloroplasts of plants are most close in size to __. d)
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as enzymes‚ antibodies‚ messengers‚ structural components or transporters‚ according to their functions. These proteins are made through a process called protein synthesis. Some of the organelles involved in it are the ribosomes‚ the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus. There are a few steps in the process of protein synthesis. The two commonly known steps are transcription and Translation. However‚ the step of translation can be divided into 3 other steps known as Initiation‚ Elongation
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3A The Structure of Cells Monday‚ September 30‚ 2013 • Cytology ○ Cyto = cell ○ Logos = study of • Background ○ 1665 Robert Hook’s Micrographia § Was studying cork cells ○ 1833 R. Brown § Discovered nucleus ○ 1838 M. Schleiden § Said that all plants consist of cells ○ 1839 T. Schwann § All animals consist of cells ○ 1855 Virchow § Cells come only from preexisting cells • The Cell Theory ○ Cells are the structural units of all living things
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to describe the basic unit of life was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek. James Watson. Louis Pasteur. ~Robert Hooke. 4. Which of the following is true of prokaryotic cells? ~They have no nucleus. They have mitochondria. They have an endoplasmic reticulum. Plant cells are one example. 5. Which of the following consist of prokaryotic cells Plants and animals Bacteria and archaea ~Plants‚ fungi‚ bacteria and archaea Plants‚ bacteria and archaea 6. The cells of a bee and
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peripheral nerves‚ motor endplates‚ and muscle fibers. There are two different sites where repeated contractions may cause muscle fatigue. One is the transmission mechanism‚ which is basically the neuromuscular junction‚ muscle membrane‚ and endoplasmic reticulum. The other one is the contractile mechanism‚ which is the muscle filament. A muscle fiber’s mechanical response declines with fatigue. Peripheral muscle fatigue is caused by changes in the internal conditions of the muscle. The changes can
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collagen of the subtypes I and III. In normal wound healing‚ early type III collagen predominates but is later replaced by type I collagen. Tropocollagen‚ which is the precursor of all collagen types‚ is then transformed within the cell’s rough endoplasmic
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affect the function of Joseph’s heart cells? Organelles are protected within a cell by the cell membrane’s phospholipid bilayer. Mitochondria‚ the cell’s powerhouse also has a double-membrane. Single membrane organelles include ribosomes‚ endoplasmic reticulum‚ Golgi apparatus‚ lysosomes‚ peroxisomes‚ proteasomes‚ and the nucleus. Because each type of organelle has a specific function and structure‚ with specific and different chemical reaction‚ the absence of membranes would cause “chemical chaos”
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SNC 2D3 CHAPTER TEST REVIEW- CELL DIVISION TOPICS: 1. Cell organelles: structure & function 2. Compare & contrast eukaryotes and prokaryotes 3. Diagrams: animal and plant cells 4. Compare & contrast animal and plant cells 5. Diagram: bacterial cells 6. Bacterial cells: structural features & functions 7. Identify the 2 types of reproduction in bacteria 8. Cell cycle 9. Mitosis 10. Cytokinesis in animals and plants 11. Calculate diploid‚ haploid number and chromosome numbers 12. Cancer:
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GDF15/MIC-1 is a product of macrophage activation‚ suggesting that it may be involved in chronic inflammatory processes (-). GDF15 is a stress-responsive member of the TGF-β superfamily and initially described as macrophage inhibitory cytokine (-). Although GDF15 has been described in many solid tumors for almost 10 years‚ the nature of its receptor is still unknown. There is some evidence of Smad signaling pathway activation‚ suggesting GDF15 may act through TGF-β receptor superfamily pathways (-)
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between the structure and function of the major cell organelles found in a eukaryotic cell? • Structures include: cytoplasm‚ nucleus‚ nucleolus‚ nuclear envelope‚ cell membrane‚ mitochondria‚ Golgi bodies‚ vacuole‚ centrioles‚ ribosomes‚ and endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough) • Exclusive to plants: chloroplasts‚ central vacuole‚ cellulose cell wall • Exclusive to animals: lysosome‚ centrioles • Compare and contrast plant and animal cell structures • Special structures include; cilia and flagella
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