Interactions BigIdea 4 investigation 13 ENZYME ACTIVITY* How do abiotic or biotic factors influence the rates of enzymatic reactions? ■■BACKGROUND Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy (that is‚ the energy needed for a reaction to begin). In every chemical reaction‚ the starting materials (the substrate(s) in the case of enzymes) can take many different paths to forming products. For each path‚ there is an intermediate or transitional product between reactants and
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The cycle starts when the enzymes strip off the CoA portion from acetyl-CoA and combine two-carbon acetyl group with a four- carbon oxaloacetate to form six-carbon citric acid (hence the other name for the cycle is citric acid cycle). The process of creating citric acid is facilitated by enzyme called citrate synthase. Krebs cycle in its simple form is the process of modifying citric acid in several steps
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Conclusion This lab was helpful in showing us how enzyme catalysis really happens in biology. These series of experiments have proven what the optimal conditions and which are not conducive to the functioning of Peroxidase. Table 7.1 was the trial experiment and was performed to observe the overall activity of the enzyme Peroxidase. Each of the three tube mixtures were filled with different concentrations of Peroxidase. As seen on the chart the mixture of tube six and seven had the fastest
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Unit 2: Cell Biolo SCIE206-1401B-08 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration make one large cycle that sustains life on earth. Through photosynthesis the suns energy is constantly being transformed into glucose‚ which is a chemical energy. Respiration is the chemical activity that occurs in all plants and animal cells that release the energy from the glucose. Photosynthesis cannot exist with cellular respiration‚ they are completely linked together in providing the energy through
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Neville Period 1 10/14/12 Enzyme lab Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the process of chemical reactions. They are also proteins‚ and most enzymes activities occur within organism. They decrease activation energy‚ energy that is needed to start a chemical reaction. Enzymes are substrate specific substrates ending in "-ase"‚ enzymes ending in "-ase". External factors‚ such as temperature‚ pH‚ and concentration of the substrate‚ affect the enzymes activity in the lab‚ pectase and
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Background Information: An enzyme is catalytic protein. It is the most important type of molecule found in living cells. Cells would not be able to function without enzymes. Enzymes speed up or slow down chemical reactions of the cells. It is usually easy to identify the names of enzymes because they end in -ase. The enzyme that acts upon the substrate hydrogen peroxide is usually called catalase. This enzyme is found in both plants and animals. An enzyme will only work with one substrate
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in which jelly cubes were immersed over a 24 hour period Interpretation Written Communication of the Data C1 Pepsin is an enzyme that works in the stomach and has an optimal pH between pH 1 and 4 or in acidic conditions. From our graph it can be seen that that the lowest mean percentage light transmission for pepsin is when the buffer has a pH of 2. Trypsin is an enzyme that works in the small intestine and has an optimum pH between pH 7 and 8 or in neutral conditions. From our graph it can be
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Common Introduction: -Beer-Lambert Law found by Beer August and Johann Heinrich Lambert is the linear relationship between the attenuation of light and concentration of the material through which the light is travelling. It states the absorbance is proportional to the concentration when a parallel beam of monochromatic radiation of equal pathlength is passing through a homogenous concentration. A=εbc‚ where A is absorbance‚ ε is molar absorptivity (L molˉ1cmˉ1)‚ b is the pathlength (1cm) and c
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Amylase is an important enzyme in the human body as it allows for the consumption of starch by breaking the polysaccharide down into maltose units. All enzymes‚ including amylase‚ function best at a certain optimal pH. Therefore‚ in this experiment‚ the effect of different pHs on the reaction rate of amylase is studied. It was hypothesized that the amylase-starch reaction would proceed fastest at a pH closest to that of the body‚ or 7.0‚ since that is where the enzyme normally functions. Lower
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the acyl-enzyme is then hydrolysed by nucleophilic attack of serine on the peptide carbonyl group‚ collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate and the release of the amine component. Histidine 57 then acts as a general acid catalyst and draws a proton away from the water molecule. The OH- ion then attacks the carbonyl carbon atom of the acyl group which forms another tetrahedral intermediate which breaks down to form the carboxylic acid product. The release of this acid then frees up the enzyme to continue
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