Available online 8 December 2004 Abstract The encapsulation of enzymes in microenvironments and especially in liposomes‚ has proven to greatly improve enzyme stabilization against unfolding‚ denaturation and dilution effects. Combining this stabilization effect‚ with the fact that liposomes are optically translucent‚ we have designed nano-sized spherical biosensors. In this work liposome-based biosensors are prepared by encapsulating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in L-a phosphatidylcholine liposomes
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Studying the Rate of Reaction of catechol oxidase and how it affects pH levels Introduction: In this lab‚ we studied the activity of an enzyme that is found in fruits and vegetables called catecholase or catechol oxidase. An enzyme is a protein molecule that is a catalyst. Catechol oxidase is the enzyme in fruits and vegetables that turns them that undesirable brownish color; also commonly referred to as bruising or bruised. When walking through your regular grocery store and you find yourself in
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Biology Lab Report Research Question: Effects of pH on amylase activity Introduction: Amylase is an enzyme that is in human’s saliva as well as the pancreas. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a chemical reaction. They break down complex molecules into simple ones. In this case‚ amylase converts starches (complex molecule) into simple sugars. That is why foods like potatoes for example‚ may taste sweet to us‚ because they contain starch. The optimum pH for pancreatic
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week 3 problem set. Enzymes and energy 1.Many spontaneous reactions occur slowly. Why don’t they all occur instantly? In biological processes‚ how is this rate sped up? 2. When the substrate (reactant) concentration is high enough enzyme A and enzyme A’ may be saturated and their reactions run at the same maximum velocity. However‚ at subsaturating concentrations of reactants‚ these different enzymes run at different velocities for the same concentration of substrate. Enzyme A’ has a Km that is
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to determine if there is a minimum temperature that increase kinetic energy and denature enzymes to slow enzymatic reactions or fail to catalyze them. The experimental results indicate an increase in temperature will increase reaction rates until proteins denature. Introduction Enzymes combine with reactant molecules (substrate) and bind them closely to one another. The three-dimensional shape of the enzyme molecule must be complementary to the shape of the substrate. Catalysts are not used up
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“Investigate the factors affecting the rate of yeast respiration” Lab Report Introduction The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different amounts of a substrate on the respiration rate of yeast and to compare this to the effect of different amounts of glucose on the rate of yeast respiration. The substrate which I chose to further investigate was fructose. Fructose is a fruit sugar which is one of the three‚ along with glucose and galactose‚ dietary monosaccharides that
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* A reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. The area of the enzyme that binds to the substrate is called the active site - where the action takes place. * Cofactors and coenzymes are small molecules or ions that help enzymes to act. HSC Biology Notes – Hugh Phillips Maintaining a Balance 1.Most organisms are active in a limited temperature range: Identify the role of enzymes in metabolism‚ describe their chemical composition and use a simple model to describe their
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Glucose 6-phosphate is transferred to NADP which soon becomes NADPH. NADPH is accumulated and later used for biosynthesis. *Fate of Ribulose 5-phosphate Ribulose 5-phosphate can now proceed to different enzymatic reactions. It is acted by an enzyme (Not specified) and converting it into ribose 5-phosphate. Oxidizing it and making it into ribose 5-phosphate. Ribulose 5-phosphate and xylulose 5-phosphate can later be converted into carbohydrate intermediates (fructose 6-phosphate) which are present
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Biochemical Tests- presence or absence of specific enzymes helps us to identify bacteria -used to evaluate metabolic capabilities of specific bacteria. 1. Catalase Test- Enzyme: Catalase Substrate: Hydrogen Peroxide Reagent: Hydrogen Peroxide Product: Oxygen Medium: TSA Bubbles (+)- Catalase… No Bubbles (-)- No Catalase 2. Denitrification Test- Enzyme: Nitrate Reductase
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Yeast which is also known as Saccharomyces Cerevisiae is a unicellular eukaryotic Fungi means that is made up of one cell with a nucleus(“What is Yeast”).Yeast is a very practical product that is used in mainy way like when baking Yeast helps raise the dough and also yeast is used in the process of making wine.The Reason why yeast was chosen to was to see how yeast can metabolize different sugars and how much Co2 they release when when metabolizing.To test the yeast at the lab we used 4 different
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