Green Oxidation of Borneol to Camphor Abstract: This lab converted borneol to camphor using a green oxidation. Sodium hypochlorite was used instead of the less “green” Jones reagent. Borneol was mixed with glacial acetic acid and oxidized with sodium hypochlorite to make crude camphor. The crude camphor was purified by sublimation. The final product was characterized by obtaining a melting point and inferred spectroscopy. The experiment was carried out to see if bleach could oxidize borneol
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Introduction Extraction is a purification technique used in organic chemistry to separate compounds from a mixture of two or more compounds. There are three different extraction techniques: liquid-liquid extraction‚ solid-liquid extraction and chemically active extraction. All three types of extraction follow the same principle. Organic molecules dissolve in organic solvents and polar molecules dissolve in aqueous solvents. This phenomenon is observed because of the intermolecular forces between
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Synthesis of Methyl Salicylate from Aspirin Esters are a class of organic compounds. An ester compromises an organic or inorganic acid in which one or more hydroxy (OH) groups have been replaced by and alkoxy (O-alkyl) group. For example‚ the simplest ester‚ methyl formate (CHOOCH3)‚ is made up of formic acid (CHO-OH) in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced by a methoxy group (-OCH3). Similarly‚ ethyl acetate (CH3CO-OCH2CH3) is made up of acetic acid (CH3CO-OH) in which the hydroxy group
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Thermochemistry Lab Purpose: This lab taught procedures for determining heat of capacity of a calorimeter and measuring enthalpy of change for three reactions. It also enforced methods of analyzing data obtained through experimentation and calculating enthalpy. These procedures are used in the branch of thermodynamics known as thermochemistry which is the study of energy changes that accompany chemical reactions. Concepts from this lab can be used to determine the potential energy of a chemical
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V/T=C Gay-Lussac’s Law: P/T=C Avogadro’s Law V/n=C Ideal Gas law: PV=nRT http://chemistry.bd.psu.edu/jircitano/gases.html Materials: Lab Quest Lab Quest App Vernier Gas Pressure Sensor Temperature Probe 20 mL Gas Syringe 125 mL Erlenmeyer Flask Three 600 mL Beakers Rubber Stopper assembly with two way valves Hot plate Ice Dry Ice Ethanol Ethylene Glycol Expected Results: Pressure Vs Volume Volume Pressure 5 163.45 7.5 119.98 10 92.53 12.5 75.78 15 64.19
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bottom flask. The round bottom flask was placed on a heating plate and was refluxed starting at 109 ̊C. The solution began boiling at 111 ̊C. It was allowed to reflux for approximately 30 minutes and the solid was dissolved. The round bottom flask was then placed in an ice bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. Concentrated 18 M sulfuric acid (2.4mls) was added to the solution. Then absolute ethanol (3mls) was added to wash the sides of the round bottom flask. The round bottom flask was placed
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tablet. First‚ the base was created‚ which was made out of 1.00 g of NaOH and D-water. Then the buret was attached to the clamp on the ring stand and the base was poured into the buret. After that‚ one by one‚ an aspirin tablet was dropped into an Erlenmeyer flask filled with 50 mL of D-water so that it could become dissolved. After the tablet was completely dissolved‚ a few drops of phenol were added‚ and the base was added very slowly‚ changing the color
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the concentrated acid needed. b)Introduce a small amount of the concentrated acid solution into a 50cm3 beaker. c)Add some distilled water into the appropriate volumetric flask from the wash bottle. d)Using a pipette‚ take from the beaker the necessary volume of the concentrated acid and admit it into the volumetric flask. e)Add distilled water to obtain the required volume of the needed solution. Section B: Preparing the basic solution to be standardized a)Weigh approximately 2g of NaOH pellets
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Abstract: This experimentation was to evaluate absorbance and the reaction rate of an enzyme‚ ’-amylase in starch-iodine solution. We will be testing the relationship between enzymatic reaction affected by temperature and pH. Through the testing the enzyme at different temperatures‚ and different pH levels; it would determine at which temperature and pH level the enzyme worked the most efficiently. Analyzing absorbance of the solutions with spectrophotometery will determine the reaction rate. To
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is to determine the mass % of through the Volumetric Analysis method. To attain this purpose‚ a decomposition reaction was performed‚ which can be separated into two steps. First‚ 2 mL of was reacted with approximately .5 g of KI in an Erlenmeyer flask to form and a hypoiodite species. The second step is the reaction between another molecule of and hypoiodite‚ which results in reformation of the catalyst‚ potassium iodide. The catalyst is used to speed up the reaction by decreasing the activation
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