The Stereochemistry of Bromine Addition: Bromination of trans-Cinnamic Acid Pitak Chuawong Objectives 1. To perform bromination of trans-‐cinnamic acid 2. To investigate stereochemistry of bromination reaction Introduction Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition to give alkyl halides. When bromine is used as a
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Analysis of Commercial Bleach AP Chemistry Introduction: Many commercial products are effective because they contain oxidizing agents. Some products that contain oxidizing agents are bleaches‚ hair coloring agents‚ scouring powders‚ and toilet bowl cleaners. The most common oxidizing agent in bleaches is sodium hypochlorite‚ NaClO (sometimes written NaOCl). Commercial bleaches are created by bubbling chlorine gas into a sodium hydroxide solution (remember this from your “funky redox rxns”?)
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melting range of 188.4°C-190.1°C‚ which shows that the product was mainly comprised of erythro-dibromide. Experimental Procedure: To begin this experiment 10.0mmol‚ 1.481g‚ of trans-cinnamic acid must be collected and put into a 50mL round bottom flask. Then add
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indicator. This procedure was completed by the instructor and the anthocyanin indicator (“cabbage extract”) was provided. Then 10mL of hydrochloric acid and 20mL in of deionized water were measured in a graduated cylinder and combined into an Erlenmeyer flask. Pipette 5 to 10 drops of anthocyanin indicator was added to the
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Lab #4 May 26‚ 2015 Diels Alder Reaction Introduction: Diels Alder Reaction is the reaction of a diene with a species capable of reacting with the diene‚ the dienophile. A diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two carbon double bonds‚ while a dienophile is an electron-deficient alkene. The Diels-Alder is also called a [4+2] cycloaddition because a ring is formed by the interaction of four pi electrons of the alkene with two pi electrons of the alkene or alkyne. The product of the Diels-Alder
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Experiment 10: Solubility Product for Calcium Hydroxide GOAL AND OVERVIEW A saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 will be made by reacting calcium metal with water‚ then filtering off the solids: Ca(s) + H2O → Ca(OH)2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) The concentration of dissolved hydroxide will be determined by acid-base titration with standardized HCl solution. The Ksp for Ca(OH)2 will be calculated from the experimentally determined saturation concentration of hydroxide. Objectives of the data analysis understand
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Many organic compounds‚ when heated become volatile and it is easy to lost some. The idea of this technique is to add a vertical condenser to the mixture flask. This will stop the water escaping as it touches the cold surface of the condenser. The condenser has a permanent water flow going in and out and this is why the water drip back to the flask as it touches the cold surface. Vacuum filtration was used isolate the solid from the liquid-solid mixture after the sulphuric acid is qqadded and that
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separations‚ our organic layer was on the bottom of the separatory funnel.) We cleaned and dried an Erlenmeyer flask‚ and drained the organic layer into the Erlenmeyer by opening the stopcock. We stoppered the Erlenmeyer with a rubber stopper between draining. We repeated the adding of methylene chloride‚ swirling‚ venting‚ settling and draining the organic layer three times. Into the Erlenmeyer‚ we added a scoop of drying agent and
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Abstract: The main reason for this experiment is to prepare a simple soap made from vegetable oil. The physical properties will be tested in order to demonstrate the reactions that occur. The experiment can conclude that the vegetable oil had a primary fatty acid called linoleic acid‚ which was evident during the saponification reaction. The simple soap did appear to be a good emulsifier because the soap did dissolve in the mixture of mineral oil and water. In hard water the calcium and magnesium
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CHM152LL LAB MANUAL COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF WATER HARDNESS Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Introduction Complex ions When a neutral molecule or anion (a Lewis base) donates electron pairs and attaches itself to a metal ion center (a Lewis acid)‚ the resulting cluster‚ or complex‚ of atoms becomes a single complex ion. When such complexes form‚ the electron donating groups (called ligands) form coordinate covalent bonds through empty orbitals on the metal ion. An example
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