“Denaturation of Proteins” Denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the tertiary structure and secondary structure which is present in their native state‚ by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid or base‚ a concentrated inorganic salt‚ an organic solvent (e.g.‚ alcohol or chloroform)‚ or heat. If proteins in a living cell are denatured‚ this results in disruption of cell activity and possibly cell death. Denatured proteins
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mixture. Why is it important that she separates the two enantiomers and test each for its biological activity? 2. (6 pts) Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) has three dissociable protons‚ with the pKa’s shown below. Which form of phosphoric acid predominates in a solution at pH 4? Explain your answer. Acid pKa H3PO4 2.14 H2PO4– 6.86 HPO42– 12.4 3. (4 pts) Mutations may arise during DNA replication
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result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids. Amino (NH2) groups are the result of such metabolic reactions and can be toxic if ammonia (NH3) is formed from them. Ammonia tends to raise the pH of bodily fluids and interfere with membrane transport functions. To avoid this the amino groups are converted into urea‚ which is less toxic and can be transported and stored to be released by the excretory system. Urea is the result of two amino groups being joined to a carbonyl (C=O) to form
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Introduction: Proteins are necklaces of amino acids – long chains molecules. Proteins are the basis of how biology get this done. As enzymes‚ they are the driving force behind all the biochemical reactions which make biology work. As structural elements‚ they are main constituents of our bones‚ muscles‚ hair‚ skin‚ and blood vessels. As antibodies‚ they recognize invading elements and allow the immune system to get rid of the unwanted invaders. For these reasons‚ scientists have sequenced the
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The Molecules of Cells (Chapter 3 in your textbook) Without water and carbon-based molecules‚ no life as we know it! Carbon: The Backbone of Life • Living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based compounds Also‚ H‚ N‚ O‚ P‚ and S…… • Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large‚ complex‚ and diverse molecules. Why? Principal source of carbon on Earth? • Proteins‚ DNA‚ carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ and other molecules that distinguish living matter are all composed of carbon. C21H36N7O16P3S Coenzyme
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Primary Structure; the number‚ type and sequence of amino acids The primary level of structure in a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids‚ formed by a condensation reaction. The primary structure of these proteins are very different. The haemoglobin molecule consists of four polypeptide (globin) chains‚ where as collagen is made up of three polypeptide chains wound round each other. In Haemoglobin there are a wide range of amino acid constituents in the primary structure‚ in contrast 35%
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FORENSIC CHEMISTRY FORENSIC CHEMISTRY SUMMARY NOTES |Ensuring accuracy and contamination of samples for analysis – 1a and 1A |Ensuring accuracy and contamination of samples for analysis – 1a and | | |1A (continued) | |Caution must be taken by scene investigators with regard to their tools‚ |
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Qualitative Chemical Analysis of Energy Drinks and Other Beverages - Lab Report Discussion and Analysis As a result of conducting various qualitative chemical analysis tests‚ Monster Energy ® was found to contain a large amount of reducing sugars and NaCl. It was found to be void of proteins and lipids. Further‚ Canada Dry ® gingerale was found to contain a large amount of reducing sugars‚ while being void of protein‚ lipids and NaCl. The components of the Monster Energy drink tested were
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example‚ “amylase is an enzyme that speeds up the breakdown of starch in the mouth and small intestine” pg 28. All proteins are made up of amino acids. There about 20 different amino acids that is found in cells. A chain of two of more amino acids is called a peptide and the bond between the different amino acids is called a peptide bond. Very long chains of amino acids are called polypeptide. In addition‚ a protein can have one or more polypeptide chains. To test for proteins‚ one must use biuret reagent
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bond. This bond is between two amino acid molecules. The formation of a peptide bond occurs when a carboxyl group present on one molecule reacts with an amino group that is present on the molecule. This reaction releases H2O. In organic chemistry‚ I learned that a sulfide bond has to usually do with C-S-C. A sulfide bond is created by two thiol groups. Below is a picture inserted of both a peptide bond and a sulfide bond. 2. Give an example of the amino acids in a protein that you would expect
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