HYDROLYSIS OF ESTERS Anhydrous alkanoic acids react with alcohols in the presence of heated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) to form an ester and water. This process is known as esterification. This can be represented by the equation: Alkanoic acid + Alcohol (means reversible eq) ester + water Esters occur naturally in fruits and flowers and are described as oily‚ sweet smelling liquids. Vegetable oils and animal fats are esters of long-chain acids. Esters can undergo a range of reactions and
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heard several rumors regarding Coco methyl ester (CME) or also recognized as Biodiesel. Biodiesel is a substance that can boost and make your automobile run better. This substance comes from coconut oil and goes through into a procedure called as esterification. It is not come from a typical crude oil‚ which is normally being imported from different oil-producing nations. After extorting the coconut oil from copra or dried coconut meat‚ it is being reacted with methanol and sodium hydroxide or caustic
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and record the final mass. 6. Rinse both pipets and if any liquid spills rinse once more or until cleaned. The Formation of a Precipitate 1. Using 2 modified‚ beral pipets fill the bulb of pipet A about 1/5 full of 0.1M Pb (C2H3O2) 2(lead acetate) and fill the bulb of pipet B about 1/5 full of 0.1M Kl (potassium iodide) 2 Place the 2 pipets on the beam balance and read and record the total mass of the 2 pipets. 3. Carefully telescope the stem of pipet A into the stem of pipet
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testing the precision and accuracy of determining the pH value colorimetrically. Colorimetric method is a simple and practical procedure with an important advantage: they do not get out of order as from time to time do the pH-meters. Four buffers (Acetate buffer‚ phosphate buffer‚ ammonium buffer and an unknown solution) were tested with eight different indicators. The method employs the use of complex organic dyes which change to distinctive colors through a specific pH range of the buffer solutions
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there are two esters that are very close in molar mass‚ methyl acetate and ethyl formate. The methyl acetate and the ethyl formate both have a molar mass of 74.08 g/mol [5][6]. The last step is to distinguish between the two. Both methyl acetate and ethyl formate are described as having a “fruity odour”‚ relatively close boiling points and the same colourless appearance [5][6]. However‚ there is one source that says that methyl acetate has a “characteristically pleasant smell reminiscent of some glues
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Title: pH and buffer solutions Aim This experiment was carried out to determine the role of buffer solution and the factor which affect the buffer capacity. Besides‚ this experiment was carried out to investigate the solubility of protein casein over a range of pH concentration. This experiment also was carried out to determine the isoelectric point of the casein and the effect of the isoelectric point toward the casein solution. Methods Verification of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
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solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate (CH3COOH/CH3COONa). CH3COOH --- H+ + CH3COO– CH3COONa ---- Na+ + CH3COO- since the salt is completely ionised‚ it provides the common ions CH3COO– in excess. The common ion effect suppresses the ionisation of acetic acid. This reduces the concentration of H+ ions which means that pH of the solution is raised. Thus‚ a 0.1 M acetic acid solution has a pH of 2.87 but a solution of 0.1 M acetic acid and 0.1 M sodium acetate has a pH of 4.74. Thus 4.74 is the
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LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench)‚ created by National Instruments is a graphical programming language that uses icons instead of lines of text to create applications. A LabVIEW program consists of one or more virtual instruments (VIs)‚ Virtual instruments are called such because their appearance and operation often imitate actual physical instruments. The objective of developing a virtual interface that acquires data from physical instrument (pH probe) used in the monitoring
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Safety of Sunscreen The sun’s rays have powered life on our planet since its creation‚ and have made life possible for all living things. The sun is one of the most important elements of the universe‚ but in recent years has only been condemned for some of its harmful effects on humans. Lately‚ all that is heard about the sun anymore is how can be harmful and how protection from overexposure is needed. Many people are scared of dangerous overexposure effects such as sunburn‚ premature aging of the
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Experiment C: Identification and Separation of Dyes by TLC Pre-lab Properties: Ethyl acetate‚ ethanol‚ silica‚ azobenzene‚ azulene‚ 4-(p-nitrophenylazo) resorcinol‚ methyl red‚ bromocresol green (solubilities in water and ethanol) Purpose: To identify compounds from an unknown mixture using TLC Up to 100% of missed points can be recovered from this lab Watch the video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e99nsCAsJrw (MIT) TLC plates are near the main hood DO NOT BREAK CAPILLARY TUBES Keep spots small
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