buffer solution. One is capable of reacting with OH- and the other will react with H3O+ and they must not react with each other. Many buffers are prepared by combining a weak acid and its conjugate ( as in this experiment‚ acetic acid and sodium acetate) or a weak base and its conjugate (ammonia and ammonium chloride). In general‚ the pH range in which a buffer solution is effective
Free PH Buffer solution Acid dissociation constant
Experiment 1 : Design and preparation of buffers effective at different pHs Abstract The body uses natural buffers to maintain the many different pH environments in our body. This is important for optimum activity of our enzymes. When doing experiments in vitro using these enzymes it is important to mimic intracellular conditions using artificial buffer systems in order to obtain accurate results. In this experiment the buffering properties of three artificial buffer systems containing acetic
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smell of rotten eggs (H2S); turns lead acetate paper black 1. Sodium nitroprusside test: WE + sodium nitroprusside 4 = purple / violet colour 2. Lead acetate test: WE + lead acetate 5 (aq) = black ppt 5. Nitrite: Pungent light brown gas 1. Starch-iodide test: WE + dil H2SO4 (or dil acetic acid); boil‚ then add solid KI + fresh starch sol = deep blue colouration Group II (conc H2SO4 group) – Cl(chloride)‚ Br- (bromide)‚ I- (iodide)‚ NO3- (nitrate)‚ CH3COO- (acetate)‚ C2O42(oxalate): Salt + conc H2SO4
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Lab #4 The Synthesis of Organic Polymers CHM2123‚ Section C October 21‚ 2014 Introduction: Organic polymers are macromolecules that are composed of smaller molecules called monomers. There are two main groups of polymers: natural polymers and unnatural (synthetic) polymers. Natural polymers include proteins such as cellulose and starch and are a necessity for our existence. On the other hand‚ synthetic polymers such as the polycarbonate in our lab goggles
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SYNTHETIC EXPLOITATION OF ENZYMES: BIOCATALYSIS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS: FUNDAMENTALS ENZYMES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 1. Enzymes catalyze a broad spectrum of reactions with high turnover numbers. Rate enhancements approach 1012 fold. 2. Enzymes may accept a wide range of substrates. 3. Enzymes are highly regio and stereoselective. 4. Enzyme reactions take place under mild conditions; this minimizes problems of isomerization and racemization. 5. Enzymatic processes are less hazardous and polluting
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is delicate like suede and the interior strictly fur (Figure 1). The boot has a shaft circumference of 14 inches and a twinface height of about 8 inches‚ reaching right below the middle of your calf. The sole of the boot is made of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and is about 1 inch thick (Figure 2). The EVA manufactured sole is pressed to the
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peaks (>10%) corresponding to methyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene) acetate‚ acetone‚ ethyl acetate‚ and hexane were identified. The phosphonium ylide peak indicates that the reaction did not go to completion (leftover starting material). Meanwhile‚ the acetone‚ ethyl acetate‚ and hexane peaks show there was residual solvent in the sample submitted for NMR analysis (compounds were not in reaction scheme). Because acetone‚ ethyl acetate‚ and hexane are volatile‚ we deduced that our evaporation of the
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Today they’re many thousand different materials. Most of them are different types of clothing‚ or cloth. Good portions of these are combinations of synthetic fibers woven or threaded together to make a final product. These synthetic fibers are a large group of polymers. Synthetic polymers offer more possibilities‚ since they can be designed with molecular structures that impart properties for desired end uses. All fibers are ploy-something or polymers. That means they are long strings of repeating
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LABORATORY REPORT DETAIL TITLE: Foreign Materials in Food products DATE: September 10‚ 2013 DATE OF SUBMISSION: September 22nd‚ 2013 SUBJECT: Processing Operations Objective: To carry out the evaluation of the foreign materials in given vegetable sample i.e. Broccoli using Wildman method for evaluating insects as well as aphids and thrip. Abstract: The lab objectives include determination of the heavy filth and light filth from the frozen
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stirred tank reactor for the saponification of ethyl acetate with dilute sodium hydroxide. To determine the effect of temperature on reaction rate constant. To find the values of rate constant and Arrhenius parameters. Equipment used Arm field batch stirred tank reactor A stop clock A conductivity meter Water bath (tank) with a thermostat Funnel A heat controller Two flasks of one litre each and Stock solutions (0.1M sodium hydroxide and 0.1M ethyl acetate). The key results obtained include Table showing
Free Chemical kinetics Chemical reaction Reaction rate