were able to get through most of it‚ and were only missing the adulterant. The first step to identify our unknown samples was to create TLC plates that should results with each known compound and 95% hexane: 5% ethyl acetate‚ 90% hexane: 10% ethyl acetate‚ or 80% hexane: 20% ethyl acetate. Each student was designated one of these concentrations of solvent as well as visualization method. After we tested and calculated the Rf values of each of the following known compounds with each concentration: anise
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Chromatography (TLC) Plating: This is a common method that is used to monitor the progress of a reaction and determine when it is complete. In our chromatography there was a stationary phase/adsorbant of Silica gel and we used mobile phases of ethyl acetate‚ hexanes‚ and a 2:8 mix of both. During the process‚ the mobile phase passes over the compound spots at the bottom and drags them up the adsorbant. The resulting spots where the compounds stop can be used to measure their polarity and solubility in
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reactions: a. Grignard reaction including identification of the nucleophile. b. Conversion of nitriles into carboxylic acids and acid derivatives c. Diels-Alder reactions d. Reduction of aldehydes and reagents used for that reaction. e. Fischer esterification including identification of nucleophile‚ catalyst‚ and leaving group. f. Reaction of acid chlorides to produce alcohols. g. Reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to produce amides including identification of nucleophile‚ catalyst‚ and leaving
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harmful effects will occur to the consumer if take or used in flavorings of food. Exercises: 1. A.) Calculate the amount of isopentyl acetate that should be present in the reaction mixture at equilibrium‚ based on the quantities of the starting materials you used and a value of 4.2 for the equilibrium constant. B.) Estimate the mass of isopentyl acetate that was lost 1) during the distillation. Assume the ester’s solubility in aqueous NaHCO3 is about the
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THE HIGHFIELD LEVEL 3 Health & Safety TRAINING PACK Lecture programme designed and written by Kirstie Trasler and Ian Fisher Disclaimer The information provided in this training package has been carefully compiled to ensure its relevance and accuracy. However‚ no liability or legal responsibility is accepted for the content or any errors or omissions. ©Highfield.co.uk Ltd Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or the purpose permitted under the UK Copyright‚ Designs
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Copper Complex 1. Place 10mL of N‚N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in a 25mL Erlenmeyer flask with boiling chips and heat on hotplate until slight boil. 2. Add 100 mg (0.16 mmol) TPP to the hot DMF‚ and dissolve 3. Add ~40 mg (0.20 mmol) of Copper (II) acetate‚ continue to heat at reflux for 5 min.
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Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Ma. Marielle M. Medura Prof. Emma Boncales Chem 23A (TTH 01:00-4:00 p.m) Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives I. Introduction Carboxylic acids is an organic compound that contains a carboxylic group(-COOH). Its general formula is R-C=OOH with R referring to the rest of the molecule such as H and C. They are directly attached to a carbonyl group and the interaction between them affects the reactions of each. The polarity of the O-H bond
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precipitate formed Formation of Esters a. From Carboxylic acids Acetic acid + ethanol + H2SO4 - produced a sweet smell b. From Acyl Halides Ethanol + H2O + H2SO4 - produced a sweet smell Hydroxamic acid test for the Ester group Ethyl acetate in ether + NH2OH.HCl + KOH heat effervescence + alcoholic HCl + FeCl3 – red colored solution Hydrolysis of acid derivatives H2O + Acetic anhydride 2-immiscible layer formed‚ blue litmus paper turned red‚ test tube becomes warm as
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and HNO3 the chloride ion solutions are used because silver nitrate is insoluble in HNO3. During the acetate anion test we had a positive result for solution D that proved the presence of the acetate ion. This reaction was from one drop of concentrated sulfuric acid and 1ml of ethanol and then required heating to excite the solution. Since ethyl acetate was produced we knew D contained the acetate anion‚ the fruity aroma produced after the solution was heated to release a gas proved this. This newly
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is required for prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. Aspirin acts as an acetylating agent where an acetyl group is covalently attached to a serine residue in the active site of the COX enzyme. The synthesis of aspirin is classified as an esterification reaction. Salicylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride‚ an acid derivative‚ causing a chemical reaction that turns salicylic acid’s hydroxyl group into an ester group (R-OH → R-OCOCH3). This process yields aspirin and acetic acid‚ which is
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