16 Application of TLC in the Isolation and Analysis of Flavonoids Marica Medi-Šari‚ Ivona Jasprica‚ c c Ana Mornar‚ and Željan Maleš CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................ 405 16.1.1 Chemistry‚ Biochemistry‚ and Medicinal Significance of the Flavonoids.......................................................................... 405 16.1.2 Brief Overview of Use of TLC in the Analysis of Flavonoids in Plants ........
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FEMS Microbiology Reviews 27 (2003) 99^127 www.fems-microbiology.org The microbiology of biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems Robert J. Seviour à ‚ Takashi Mino‚ Motoharu Onuki Institute of Environmental Studies‚ Graduate School of Frontier Sciences‚ University of Tokyo‚ 7-3-1 Hongo‚ Bunkyo-ku‚ Tokyo 113‚ Japan Received 11 December 2002; received in revised form 18 February 2003; accepted 20 February 2003 First published online 20 March 2003 Abstract Activated sludge
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bridge decks‚ which is a very dangerous effect. In the presentation conclusion it stated that states who use road salts the most are looking into other forms of deicing. Two alternatives being considered are calcium magnesium acetate and potassium acetate. Both have low corrosive capabilities‚ but the one draw back is that they are quite a bit more expensive than sodium chloride. To this day the presentation stated‚ sodium chloride‚ even with all the known adverse effects‚ is still
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The average contents (±SD) of kaurenoic acid in the Araliae Continentalis Radix extract powder were estimated as 1.147±0.008 mg in 1.0054 g‚ usual dose of Araliae Continentalis Radix. Quantification of kaurenoic acid UPLC–MS/MS has been emerging as a powerful analytical technique for the determination of analyte in biological samples to improve sensitivity and selectivity. Herein‚ we developed a simple‚ selective‚ and sensitive bioanalytical UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of kaurenoic
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The characteristic properties of slime can be explained by polymerisation reactions. Polymers can be explained most simply by the polymerisation of the molecule ethylene into polyethylene (see figure 1 below). Figure 1. Polymerisation of polyethylene from ethylene. In this example‚ the double bond between the carbon atoms is broken‚ allowing each carbon atom to form one more bond between another molecule. The double bond between the carbon atoms is weaker because the type of orbital is ‚ compared
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Myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) NATURE/MECHANISM OF REACTION: The temperature range should be between 56-57 °C. The organic solvents that were used in the experiment were diethyl ether‚ methylene chloride and ethyl acetate. It is advised to know that when ethyl acetate and water are mixed‚ the water will eventually separate into two distinct phases. Theoretical Yield‚ Percent Yield and Discussion: The weight of the product is determined to be 0.78g The weight of the mixture is
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tested either with lead acetate or sodium nitroprusside. The presence of nitrogen was tested with ferrous ammonium sulfate and potassium fluoride. The presence of any halogen was tested by a flame test with copper wire and the identification of the exact halogen was done using silver nitrate. Careful experimentation was needed in order to avoid false positive and false negative results. Keywords: elemental analysis‚ oxygen‚ sulfur‚ nitrogen‚ halogens‚ sodium fusion‚ lead acetate‚ sodium nitroprusside
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Introduction The purpose of this lab was to explore the properties of an unknown compound. An unknown was given and a cation flame test and anion test was performed to determine the identity of the compound. Once the identity was determined‚ the properties were explored. Experimental To determine the cation of the compound‚ a cation flame test was performed. A bunsen burner was lit until a medium blue flame was burning. The given unknown was scooped onto a nichrome wire loop. The wire was held
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Discussion & Error Analysis: By examining the unknown alcohol’s H NMR spectra‚ it can be deduced that the alcohol is 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol. There are three peaks that have a shift of ~7.0-7.5‚ one with integration values of 1‚ 2‚ and 1.This shows that the alcohol is a meta-substituted benzene ring. The singlet peak with a chemical shift of~ 4.7 ppm with an integration of 1 is from the hydrogen on the OH group. The peak at ~ 1.7 ppm corresponds to the hydrogen of the carbon that is attached
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Aim : To prepare an ester using reflux Hypothesis : The equation was written out for the reaction and pentyl ethanoate was predicted as being the ester that would be formed. Equipment * 10 ml pentanol | * condenser | * 10 ml glacial acetic acid | * Heating Mantel | * 1 ml conc. Sulfuric acid | * Funnel | * 50 ml flask | * 15ml 1molL-1 Na2CO3 | * Boiling chips | * Seperating Funnel | * Retort Stand | * Safety Glasses | Method 1. 10 ml of Pentanol
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