Weaving: interlacing yarns Fabric Face: smoother and more lustrous; clearer and brighter print or design; more pronounced finish; floats are on the face Fabric Back: imperfections and knots; print or design duller and less distinctive; more noticeable tentering marks Warp Yarns: parallel to the salvage; thinner; stronger; more twist; usually greater in number (in unbalances weaves); straighter and more parallel; usually filament yarns (depending on fabric content) Filling Yarns: perpendicular
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SYNT m o d u l a r · l a b o r a t o r y · p r o g r a m · i n · publisher: H. A. Neidig c h e m i s t r y 738 organic editor: Joe Jeffers Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzoin to Benzil prepared by Carl T. Wigal‚ Lebanon Valley College PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT Oxidize benzoin to benzil using ammonium nitrate and copper(II) ion as a catalyst‚ monitoring the reaction by thin-layer chromatography. Characterize the product using melting point measurement and infrared spectroscopy. EXPERIMENTAL
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Name: Shahid Hussain Subject: Chemistry Teacher: Dr Ramani Topic: Comparing Solutions Saturated Solutions | A solution that can hold no more of the solute at a particular temperature is said to be a saturated solution at that temperature. | When someone adds sugar to iced tea‚ the sugar disappears. If you add one teaspoon of sugar to iced tea‚ you get an unsaturated solution. If you keep
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Abstract: In this lab‚ the chemical components of Excedrin and Tylenol‚ two common‚ over-the-counter analgesic drugs‚ were determined by utilizing the technique of thin-layer chromatography‚ or TLC. The active ingredients of Excedrin were caffeine‚ acetaminophen‚ and aspirin with Rf values of 0.11‚ 0.38‚ and 0.61‚ respectively. The lone active ingredient of Tylenol was acetaminophen with an Rf value of 0.39. The elution sequence obtained in the experiment is as follows: ibuprofen (least polar)
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10 minutes. Next‚ 4- bromophenylacetic acid was added to the flask and the mixture was refluxed for about 50 minutes at about 80°C. TLC was used to monitor the reaction progress every 15 minutes. A relatively non-polar solvent system of 25% ethyl acetate/ 75% hexanes was used as the mobile phase. Each plate contained a starting material (4-bromophenylacetic acid)‚ a reaction mixture spot‚ and a co-spot. The TLC at 15 minutes showed the starting material to have an Rf of about 0.12 and reaction mixture
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HSO4– bisulfate ion or hydrogen sulfate ion NO3– NO2– nitrate ion nitrite ion MnO4– permanganate ion H2PO4– Others: CN– dihydrogen phosphate ion cyanide ion OH– hydroxide ion SCN– thiocyanate ion C2H3O2– acetate ion (Often written as CH3COO–) -2 Oxyanions: CO32– carbonate ion SO42– SO32– sulfate ion sulfite ion CrO42– Cr2O72– C2O42– S2O32– chromate ion dichromate ion oxalate ion thiosulfate ion Oxyanions that Contain Hydrogen:
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indicator. 9. When done‚ clean the buret and glass ware. Procedure (acidity of aqueous solution) 1. Obtain a well plate. Add 10 drop to the first four wells of each row with Vitamin C‚ acetic acid‚ ammonium hydroxide‚ ammonium chloride‚ sodium acetate trihydrate‚ and sodium carbonate. 2. Test each solution with red and blue litmus paper using a glass stirring rod. 3. Add one drop phenolphthalein to each solution and record observations. Repeat with methyl orange‚ bromcresol green and
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reaction. If the bromine reacted with the alkene the bromine would discolor from orange and turn clear. Experiment Part A) Solubility of Alkanes: 1 mL of nine solvents (water‚ methanol‚ n-butanol‚ ethylene‚ glycol‚ acetone‚ hexane‚ toluene‚ ethyl acetate‚ and dichloromethane.) was added to nine sample vials. Each vial then had 0.5 mL of the alkane decalin added to each one. The mixtures were stirred to determine if the materials dissolved. If the material was insoluble it was heated with an air
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Determination of Caffeine in Tea Samples CONTENTS 1. 1. Introduction 2. 2. Theory 3. 3. Uses of Caffeine 4. 4. Effects of Caffeine 5. 5. Procedure 6. 6. Observations 7. 7. Result INTRODUCTION Tea is the most commonly and widely used soft beverage in the household. It acts as a stimulant for central nervous system and skeletal muscles. That is why tea removes fatigue‚ tiredness and headache. It also increases the capacity of thinking. It is also used for lowering body temperature
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10 µg of lead. A comparison solution prepared on the basis of 100 µL of Standard Lead Solution per g of substance being tested contains the equivalent of 1 part of lead per million parts of substance being tested. pH 3.5 Acetate Buffer— Dissolve 25.0 g of ammonium acetate in 25 mL of water‚ and add 38.0 mL of 6 N hydrochloric acid. Adjust‚ if necessary‚ with 6 N ammonium hydroxide or 6 N hydrochloric acid to a pH of 3.5‚ dilute with water to 100 mL‚ and mix Hydrochloric Acid‚ Normal (1 N)
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