4. VITAMIN CARTEL CASE 4.1 EU INVESTIGATION FINDINGS According to the World Trade Organization (WTO) (2001)‚ in 1989 two European vitamins manufacturers Roche and BASF started the cartels. They decided to increase the prices of vitamins A and E gradually to a geographic division to the world’s markets. Roche and BASF skillfully garnered over seventy percent of sales in these markets and later successfully co-opted their principal rivals‚ Rhone-Poulenc and Eisai. Through 1991‚ these four companies
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the EU now has huge regulatory powers and in terms of relative impact its powers over regulation exceed that of the UK government. EU membership has had a significant impact upon the work of government. The prime minister is regularly involved in European Council or Summit meetings with other EU leaders. Members of cabinet take part in monthly Council of Ministers meetings. For example‚ Margaret Beckett‚ the minister that had responsibility for agricultural issues‚ via Defra‚ represented the UK on
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How the EU affects domestic institutional capacities: the Europeanisation of Greece’s administrative system in the context of the EU’s Regional Policy European Policy Research Paper Number 79 How the EU affects domestic institutional capacities: the Europeanisation of Greece’s administrative system in the context of the EU’s Regional Policy CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................. iii 1. INTRODUCTION
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By the end of the French and Indian War Great Britain’s national debt had grown exponentially. As a result‚ Parliament began to press the issue of mercantilism (taxation) in order to compensate for the budget deficit. According to America: A Narrative History Brief Ninth Edition‚ the average Briton paid twenty-six times the median yearly taxes paid by Americans‚ so Parliament reasoned that they should share the greater portion of the cost of the British troops providing their defense. Many Americans
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TURKEY’S POSITION AT EUROPEAN UNION AND TURKISH IMPRESSION IN GERMANY Introduction Countries tried to show their power and sovereignty with hard power. But now we are living in a century that soft power can be more powerful than hard power. Cultural diplomacy is one of the strongest soft power items of last century. With right strategy of cultural diplomacy‚ a new image of a country can be created at other countries. This can affect so many statistics of a country in a positive way‚ such as
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EXPLAIN THE CHANGING SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION (WEU) When the subject of the Western European Union and its position in the evolving European security environment was raised at a discussion of current issues at NATO in 1993‚ it was described simply as being a "paper tiger" incapable of responding to future crises 1 However the status of the WEU has changed rapidly‚ particularly with the European Community (EC) agreement at Maastricht defining new responsibilities for the organisation
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8. Is European Union undermining the sovereignty of its individual member states? In order to give an answer to the question above‚ it is worth mentioning that the two key points that this essay will analyse [the EU and the notion of sovereignty] are both really hard to define from just one point of view‚ therefore different theories will be taken into account to give a complete and fulfilling outlook of the effect that the creation of the European Union had given to the concept of modern sovereignty
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making of business policy in the European Union? Within this essay key actors in the making of business policy in the European Union (E.U) will be brought to light. Specific motives and duties of each actor will be clearly defined and how each individual actor affects business policy within the E.U. Internal governing bodies as well as pressure groups and other actors will be elaborated on with their own influences in the making of a business policy. The European Union is an economical and political
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instance when a company that is situated outside the European Union makes agreements with companies that are situated in the EU. This is found in the cases United Brands Co. v. Commission1 and Europemballage Corp and Continental Can Co. Inc. V. Commission2 United brands is an American company which exports the ‘Chiquita’ bananas globally‚ including the EU. The Court has ruled that the company was abusing their dominant position. Once selected European distributors/banana plantation operators have
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What is the impact of European Union membership for the Republic of Ireland? Ireland’s decision to join the European Union has had quite an impact on the county. Firstly it provided the Republic with a stage on which to assert its independence from Britain‚ which it relied upon (almost to fault) too heavily for trade. Having said this‚ many believe that it put the final nail in the coffin of the Ireland in which De Valera had envisaged‚ that being the God-fearing rural people who eschewed the excess
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