To what extent can preparedness and planning mitigate the effects of Volcanic Hazards (40 marks) More than 500 Million people live within 50 miles of a volcano‚ the potential therefore exists for major loss of life and damage to property and infrastructure‚ particularly when urban areas are situated in close proximity. Mitigation of such losses can be achieved through careful preparedness and planning. Preparedness is the process of ensuring that an organization has complied with the preventive
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Cause and Effect of Volcanoes Any natural opening in the Earth’s crust‚ called a fissure‚ where melted rock‚ ash‚ gases‚ and steam come out is called a volcano. Volcanoes look like mountains‚ but they are really flat land that is pushed upward because of the pressure below the earth. The pressure comes from hot magma and gases that build up below the earth’s surface and that work up to the surface through cracks in the earth’s plates. As it is forced up to the surface‚ the gases and magma push
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as Mount Pelée which erupted in 1902. In the town of St Pierre there was early warning or an eruption from the volcano. From mid-April animals in the area started dying from poisonous gas realised from the volcano. In early may more signs where showing to an eruption in the near future this made the inhabitants of the town nervous and some moving out to a safe distance from the volcano. However there was an election due to take place on the 10th May so the current governor did not want the population
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tectonic plates. The plates move slowly on a layer called the asthenosphere. Meteorites can tell us what the earth is like-these are rock and metal fragments which fall to earth from space. We know the earth’s core is hot through hot spring geezers and volcano lava. 2 types of crust OCEANIC CRUST: it is found under the oceans; it’s thin and has a low density as it is made from an igneous rock called basalt. It is 6-8 km thick. CONTINENTAL CRUST: this forms the land‚ made from granite which is low density
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plume will burn through the crust to form an underwater volcano which will eventually grow large enough to become an island like the many others. Since the crustal plate is in constant motion the plates move over the mantle plume‚ and many years later a chain of volcanoes are created like the Galapagos. Volcanoes get older in the direction of plate movement‚ so the Galapagos volcanoes get older to the south-southeast‚ and the oldest volcano is named‚ Espanola. The Galapagos mantle plume is over 90
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crazy. You might ask how many times does one year? You might say well it can’t erupt that often. Well if you say that your wrong. Such as Italy’s Stromboli‚ the volcano. Would your jaws drop if I told you that volcano Stromboli erupted 50-70 times in one year! Wowzas that’s more than what you see on the news in a month. The word volcano is a very
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eruption. The book starts out in Pompeii during the eruption‚ but everyone assumes it’s just the weather heating up as summer ends. However‚ one man is curious to find out what is happening and after a few days of research‚ he finds out that the volcano and its ashes will destroy the Bay of Naples‚ Pompeii‚ and other cities surrounding Mt. Vesuvius. He and Pliny the Elder try to lead people to safety but the book ends with Pliny dying trying to send people away on war ships and no one finding the
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within hundreds of miles away. The volcano ash’s causes airplane engines to fail‚ destroys crops‚ contaminates water‚ and damages electronics and machinery. When the ash touch’s the ground‚ burying everything‚ sometimes even make’s buildings to collapse. Mount St. Helen’s produced more than 490 tons of ash that fell over some many miles. All volcanos are dangerous. They are all scattered all over the world and we don’t know when they are going to blow. The three volcanos I picked were pretty interesting
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Introduction A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods‚ volcanic eruptions‚ earthquakes‚ tsunamis‚ and other geologic processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage‚ and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake‚ the severity of which depends on the affected population’s resilience‚ or ability to recover. An adverse event will not rise to the level of a disaster if it occurs in an area without
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than the direct effects of lava flows or ash showers are the greatest reason for loss of life. An example is the eruption from the Laki volcano in 1783 (see first link below) in which an estimated 25% of the population of Iceland was killed. "The system erupted over an 8 month period during 1783-1784 from the Laki fissure and the adjoining Grímsvötn volcano‚ pouring out an estimated 14 km3 (3.4 cu mi) of basalt lava and clouds of poisonous hydrofluoric acid & sulphur dioxide compounds that killed
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