budget and variance. [2] State the formulas for determining direct materials and direct labor variances. [3] State the formula for determining the total manufacturing overhead variance. II. Standard and variance Standard is the norm (e.g. standard number of years to get a college degree; standard number of hours to get a good night’s sleep; standard amount of time spent to pass CPA‚ etc). Variance is the difference between the actual and the standard (Favorable variance vs. unfavorable
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and Sales Cases 16-1 Dallas Consulting Group Readings 16-1: “Profit Variance Analysis: A Strategic Focus” by Vijay Govindarajan‚ John K. Shank‚ Issues in Accounting Education (Fall 1989). This article uses a fictitious case to demonstrate how variance analysis can be tied explicitly to the strategies of the firm. It expands the Shank and Churchill framework (explained in the article) for variance analysis to include explicitly the strategy and the competitive position of the firm
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1. Inventory turnover is calculated by dividing (Points: 4) cost of goods sold by the ending inventory. cost of goods sold by the beginning inventory. cost of goods sold by the average inventory. average inventory by cost of goods sold. 2. The order of presentation of nontypical items that may appear on the income statement is (Points: 4) Extraordinary items‚ Discontinued operations‚ Other revenues and expenses. Discontinued operations‚ Extraordinary items‚ Other revenues and expenses. Other
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BACKGROUND Polysar Limited is Canada’s largest chemical company. It is structured into 3 groups‚ namely‚ basic petrochemicals‚ rubber‚ and diversified products. Rubber Group is the largest of the three operating units of Polysar Limited. The primary users of its products‚ such as butyl and halobutyl‚ are manufacturers of automobile tires; other users are from various industries. In 1986‚ Rubber group contributed 0.8 billion which is 46 percent of the company annual sale. The operation of the group
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participate in a particular behavior. Akers has indicated that family and friends (following Sutherland’s [1947] emphasis on “intimate face-to-face” groups) are typically the primary groups that are the most salient for exposing an individual to favorable/unfavorable definitions and exhibiting conforming and/or nonconforming behaviors. For the most part‚ learning through differential association occurs within the family in the early childhood years and by means of the
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means that every machine hour costs the business $2.70. Therefore‚ during a year that incurs 132‚600 hours‚ we can say that budgeted costs are $358‚020‚ which is a favorable variance from actual costs of $363‚036. Remember‚ when expenses are lower than expected it is favorable‚ but if revenues are lower than expected it is unfavorable. Many professors often ask you to explain this in your response. 16-3 kins Inc. has two types of handbags: standard and custom. The controller has decided to use a
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Attitudes towards advertising INTRODUCTION: The advertising market in Bangladesh is relatively small compared to those of other Asian countries‚ but is catching up fast. Bangladesh’s advertising market can be resembled as a tiger cub in comparison to China‚ India and Indonesia. Opportunities have been observed in advertising sector which will boost up its growth as more battle have seen in recent times between the global vs. local brands. Currently a great number of advertisement companies
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After a new competitor from overseas entered Sonora’s furniture market and one of the largest retailer in the nation opened headquarter in Sonora‚ Guillermo’s Furniture store experienced serious business problems. As a result‚ Guillermo’s profit margins shrink‚ as prices fell and costs rose. (UOP‚ 2009) After conducting some research Guillermo came to the conclusion that he has at least three alternative courses of action to proceed: • Apply high-tech methods to the production cycle • Become a
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1. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the BASES I (concept test) and BASES II (concept + taste test)? Both tests measure market potential to a degree. The results can be used to gauge level of awareness and possible usage of a product as well as to understand customer’s perception of the product/brand. These results can be used to potential sales and marketability of the product. However‚ the BASES I test does not utilize any actual products (taste testing) to ascertain customer reaction
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Harvard Business School 9-190-061 Rev. June 29‚ 1993 Analog Devices: The Half-Life System A problem with management information systems is that they are strongly biased toward reporting financial information to stockholders and government agencies. Unless quality improvement and other more fundamental performance measures are elevated to the same level of importance as financial measures‚ when conflicts arise‚ financial considerations win out. To address this issue‚ we designed a division
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