Runninghead: IP 1 Individual Project Unit 3 BUS305-0804A-07 Concentration Ratio Economists use concentration ratio to measure the degree of concentration in a market‚ computed as the percentage of the market output produced by the largest firms (O’Sullivan‚ Sheffrin‚ & Perez. 2008). One of predominantly concentration ratio used is the Four Firm Concentration Ratio. Four Firm Concentration Ratio isthe percentage of total output in a market produced by the four largest firms. In considering
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concentration ratios are used to determine total market shares within four specific industries. I will also discuss the levels of competition within those industries and how oligopolies can benefit society. Case‚ Fare‚ and Oster defines concentration ratio as the share of industry output in sales or employment accounted for by the top firms (2009). They are used to measure the total output produced by a certain number of firms within an industry. Four-firm concentration ratios are used
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1. Prologue: 1. Prologue: 1. Prologue 1.1Origin of the report: The term paper on “Quality Analysis of Financial Statement ” has been prepared for Mr Tanvir Ahmed Khan (Course instructor of Intermediate Accounting‚ ACT-330) as a partial requirement of the course . Real life does not go all the time like the theories and practical world is very critical and diverse. To understand the theoretical aspects of a subject one must understand the practical situation‚ problems‚ policies and implications
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you find a combination of numbers that is more significant than this one. This ratio is known as the Golden Number‚ or the Golden Ratio. This mystery number has been used throughout different aspects of life‚ such as art‚ architecture‚ and of course‚ mathematics. One may wonder where the Golden Ratio came from? Who thought to discover it? When was it discovered? And how has it been used throughout time? The Golden ratio has been used throughout different aspects of life after being discovered during
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Financial Ratios are useful indicators of how a company can show their performance measures and financial situation. These ratios are calculated by the information that is obtained from the financial statements of the business. These ratios can help analyze trends and compare the business financials to those of other like companies. Sometimes ratio analysis can predict future bankruptcy. These ratios can be shown as the following: Liquidity‚ financial leverage‚ asset turnover ‚ profitability
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DETERMINING RATIO DECIDENDI – EFFICACY OF WAMBAUGH’S TEST I. INTRODUCTION Judicial precedents are an important sources of law. They are the former judgements of the superior courts which the judges in common law countries are bound to follow. This bindingness of previous decisions on the lower courts is partly due to high status which the judges enjoyed in England and also partly because of the importance of the issues which they decided. Judicial decisions were given a high authority as
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Current Ratio: The current ratio gauges how capable a business is in paying current liabilities by using current assets only. Current ratio is also called the working capital ratio. A general rule of thumb for the current ratio is 2 to 1. However‚ an industry average may be a better standard than this rule of thumb. So‚ according to the information that we got‚ in 2007 Beximco Pharmaceutical’s current ratio was 1.80 which declined to 1.10 in 2008 and ultimately in 2009 it boosted up to 2.97‚ that
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Ratio analysis 1. Liquidity ratio The liquidity ratios measure the company’s ability to meet its short-term debt obligations (Intermediate accounting- Kieso‚ D.E.‚ J.J. Weygandt and T.D. Warfield). These ratios include current ratios‚ quick ratios‚ and cash ratio. Current ratio: the current ratio of GM has increased from 1.29 in 2012 to 1.30 in 2013. With a higher ratio in 2013‚ it’s better for GM to meet its short-term obligation. Quick ratio: the quick ratio of GM has improved from 0.79 in 2012
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* Findings and Analysis: Liquidity Ratio 1. Current Ratio: A company’s current assets divided by its current liabilities is known as the Current Ratio. This ratio is regarded as a measure of short-term debt paying ability. It measures the capability to obsolete the current liability with comparing to current asset by how many times. The equation is- Current Ratio = Current AssetCurrent Liability * The general rule of thumb calls for a current ratio of at least 2:1. If it is greater than
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Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure two aspects of a corporation’s profits: (1) those elements of operations that contribute to profit and (2) the relationship of profit to total investment and investment by stockholders. The first group of profitability ratios [gross profit (or gross margin) percentage‚ operating margin percentage‚ and net profit margin percentage] expresses income statement elements as percentages of net sales. The second group of profitability ratios (return on assets
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